forked from kscience/kmath
328 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
328 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
[](https://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/ALL/JetBrains+on+GitHub)
|
|
[](https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/129486382)
|
|
|
|
[](https://search.maven.org/search?q=g:%22space.kscience%22)
|
|
[](https://maven.pkg.jetbrains.space/mipt-npm/p/sci/maven/space/kscience/)
|
|
|
|
# KMath
|
|
|
|
Could be pronounced as `key-math`. The **K**otlin **Math**ematics library was initially intended as a Kotlin-based
|
|
analog to Python's NumPy library. Later we found that kotlin is much more flexible language and allows superior
|
|
architecture designs. In contrast to `numpy` and `scipy` it is modular and has a lightweight core. The `numpy`-like
|
|
experience could be achieved with [kmath-for-real](/kmath-for-real) extension module.
|
|
|
|
[Documentation site (**WIP**)](https://SciProgCentre.github.io/kmath/)
|
|
|
|
## Publications and talks
|
|
|
|
* [A conceptual article about context-oriented design](https://proandroiddev.com/an-introduction-context-oriented-programming-in-kotlin-2e79d316b0a2)
|
|
* [Another article about context-oriented design](https://proandroiddev.com/diving-deeper-into-context-oriented-programming-in-kotlin-3ecb4ec38814)
|
|
* [ACAT 2019 conference paper](https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.5130103)
|
|
|
|
# Goal
|
|
|
|
* Provide a flexible and powerful API to work with mathematics abstractions in Kotlin-multiplatform (JVM, JS and Native)
|
|
.
|
|
* Provide basic multiplatform implementations for those abstractions (without significant performance optimization).
|
|
* Provide bindings and wrappers with those abstractions for popular optimized platform libraries.
|
|
|
|
## Non-goals
|
|
|
|
* Be like NumPy. It was the idea at the beginning, but we decided that we can do better in API.
|
|
* Provide the best performance out of the box. We have specialized libraries for that. Need only API wrappers for them.
|
|
* Cover all cases as immediately and in one bundle. We will modularize everything and add new features gradually.
|
|
* Provide specialized behavior in the core. API is made generic on purpose, so one needs to specialize for types, like
|
|
for `Double` in the core. For that we will have specialization modules like `kmath-for-real`, which will give better
|
|
experience for those, who want to work with specific types.
|
|
|
|
## Features and stability
|
|
|
|
KMath is a modular library. Different modules provide different features with different API stability guarantees. All
|
|
core modules are released with the same version, but with different API change policy. The features are described in
|
|
module definitions below. The module stability could have the following levels:
|
|
|
|
* **PROTOTYPE**. On this level there are no compatibility guarantees. All methods and classes form those modules could
|
|
break any moment. You can still use it, but be sure to fix the specific version.
|
|
* **EXPERIMENTAL**. The general API is decided, but some changes could be made. Volatile API is marked
|
|
with `@UnstableKMathAPI` or other stability warning annotations.
|
|
* **DEVELOPMENT**. API breaking generally follows semantic versioning ideology. There could be changes in minor
|
|
versions, but not in patch versions. API is protected
|
|
with [binary-compatibility-validator](https://github.com/Kotlin/binary-compatibility-validator) tool.
|
|
* **STABLE**. The API stabilized. Breaking changes are allowed only in major releases.
|
|
|
|
## Modules
|
|
|
|
|
|
### [benchmarks](benchmarks)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
|
|
### [examples](examples)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-ast](kmath-ast)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
>
|
|
> **Features:**
|
|
> - [expression-language](kmath-ast/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/ast/parser.kt) : Expression language and its parser
|
|
> - [mst-jvm-codegen](kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/asm/asm.kt) : Dynamic MST to JVM bytecode compiler
|
|
> - [mst-js-codegen](kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/estree/estree.kt) : Dynamic MST to JS compiler
|
|
> - [rendering](kmath-ast/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/ast/rendering/MathRenderer.kt) : Extendable MST rendering
|
|
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-commons](kmath-commons)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-complex](kmath-complex)
|
|
> Complex numbers and quaternions.
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
>
|
|
> **Features:**
|
|
> - [complex](kmath-complex/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/complex/Complex.kt) : Complex numbers operations
|
|
> - [quaternion](kmath-complex/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/complex/Quaternion.kt) : Quaternions and their composition
|
|
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-core](kmath-core)
|
|
> Core classes, algebra definitions, basic linear algebra
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: DEVELOPMENT
|
|
>
|
|
> **Features:**
|
|
> - [algebras](kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/operations/Algebra.kt) : Algebraic structures like rings, spaces and fields.
|
|
> - [nd](kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/StructureND.kt) : Many-dimensional structures and operations on them.
|
|
> - [linear](kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/operations/Algebra.kt) : Basic linear algebra operations (sums, products, etc.), backed by the `Space` API. Advanced linear algebra operations like matrix inversion and LU decomposition.
|
|
> - [buffers](kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/Buffers.kt) : One-dimensional structure
|
|
> - [expressions](kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/expressions) : By writing a single mathematical expression once, users will be able to apply different types of
|
|
objects to the expression by providing a context. Expressions can be used for a wide variety of purposes from high
|
|
performance calculations to code generation.
|
|
> - [domains](kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/domains) : Domains
|
|
> - [autodiff](kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/expressions/SimpleAutoDiff.kt) : Automatic differentiation
|
|
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-coroutines](kmath-coroutines)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-dimensions](kmath-dimensions)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-ejml](kmath-ejml)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
>
|
|
> **Features:**
|
|
> - [ejml-vector](kmath-ejml/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/ejml/EjmlVector.kt) : Point implementations.
|
|
> - [ejml-matrix](kmath-ejml/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/ejml/EjmlMatrix.kt) : Matrix implementation.
|
|
> - [ejml-linear-space](kmath-ejml/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/ejml/EjmlLinearSpace.kt) : LinearSpace implementations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-for-real](kmath-for-real)
|
|
> Extension module that should be used to achieve numpy-like behavior.
|
|
All operations are specialized to work with `Double` numbers without declaring algebraic contexts.
|
|
One can still use generic algebras though.
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
>
|
|
> **Features:**
|
|
> - [DoubleVector](kmath-for-real/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/real/DoubleVector.kt) : Numpy-like operations for Buffers/Points
|
|
> - [DoubleMatrix](kmath-for-real/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/real/DoubleMatrix.kt) : Numpy-like operations for 2d real structures
|
|
> - [grids](kmath-for-real/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/grids.kt) : Uniform grid generators
|
|
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-functions](kmath-functions)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
>
|
|
> **Features:**
|
|
> - [piecewise](kmath-functions/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/Piecewise.kt) : Piecewise functions.
|
|
> - [polynomials](kmath-functions/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/Polynomial.kt) : Polynomial functions.
|
|
> - [linear interpolation](kmath-functions/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/interpolation/LinearInterpolator.kt) : Linear XY interpolator.
|
|
> - [spline interpolation](kmath-functions/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/interpolation/SplineInterpolator.kt) : Cubic spline XY interpolator.
|
|
> - [integration](kmath-functions/#) : Univariate and multivariate quadratures
|
|
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-geometry](kmath-geometry)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-histograms](kmath-histograms)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-jafama](kmath-jafama)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
>
|
|
> **Features:**
|
|
> - [jafama-double](kmath-jafama/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/jafama/) : Double ExtendedField implementations based on Jafama
|
|
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-jupyter](kmath-jupyter)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-kotlingrad](kmath-kotlingrad)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
>
|
|
> **Features:**
|
|
> - [differentiable-mst-expression](kmath-kotlingrad/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/kotlingrad/KotlingradExpression.kt) : MST based DifferentiableExpression.
|
|
> - [scalars-adapters](kmath-kotlingrad/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/kotlingrad/scalarsAdapters.kt) : Conversions between Kotlin∇'s SFun and MST
|
|
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-memory](kmath-memory)
|
|
> An API and basic implementation for arranging objects in a continuous memory block.
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: DEVELOPMENT
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-multik](kmath-multik)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-nd4j](kmath-nd4j)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
>
|
|
> **Features:**
|
|
> - [nd4jarraystructure](kmath-nd4j/#) : NDStructure wrapper for INDArray
|
|
> - [nd4jarrayrings](kmath-nd4j/#) : Rings over Nd4jArrayStructure of Int and Long
|
|
> - [nd4jarrayfields](kmath-nd4j/#) : Fields over Nd4jArrayStructure of Float and Double
|
|
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-optimization](kmath-optimization)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-polynomial](kmath-polynomial)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
>
|
|
> **Features:**
|
|
> - [polynomial abstraction](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/Polynomial.kt) : Abstraction for polynomial spaces.
|
|
> - [rational function abstraction](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/RationalFunction.kt) : Abstraction for rational functions spaces.
|
|
> - ["list" polynomials](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/ListRationalFunction.kt) : List implementation of univariate polynomials.
|
|
> - ["list" rational functions](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/ListPolynomial.kt) : List implementation of univariate rational functions.
|
|
> - ["list" polynomials and rational functions constructors](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/listConstructors.kt) : Constructors for list polynomials and rational functions.
|
|
> - ["list" polynomials and rational functions utilities](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/listUtil.kt) : Utilities for list polynomials and rational functions.
|
|
> - ["numbered" polynomials](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/NumberedRationalFunction.kt) : Numbered implementation of multivariate polynomials.
|
|
> - ["numbered" rational functions](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/NumberedPolynomial.kt) : Numbered implementation of multivariate rational functions.
|
|
> - ["numbered" polynomials and rational functions constructors](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/numberedConstructors.kt) : Constructors for numbered polynomials and rational functions.
|
|
> - ["numbered" polynomials and rational functions utilities](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/numberedUtil.kt) : Utilities for numbered polynomials and rational functions.
|
|
> - ["labeled" polynomials](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/LabeledRationalFunction.kt) : Labeled implementation of multivariate polynomials.
|
|
> - ["labeled" rational functions](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/LabeledPolynomial.kt) : Labeled implementation of multivariate rational functions.
|
|
> - ["labeled" polynomials and rational functions constructors](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/labeledConstructors.kt) : Constructors for labeled polynomials and rational functions.
|
|
> - ["labeled" polynomials and rational functions utilities](kmath-polynomial/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/functions/labeledUtil.kt) : Utilities for labeled polynomials and rational functions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-stat](kmath-stat)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-symja](kmath-symja)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-tensorflow](kmath-tensorflow)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-tensors](kmath-tensors)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
>
|
|
> **Features:**
|
|
> - [tensor algebra](kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/api/TensorAlgebra.kt) : Basic linear algebra operations on tensors (plus, dot, etc.)
|
|
> - [tensor algebra with broadcasting](kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/BroadcastDoubleTensorAlgebra.kt) : Basic linear algebra operations implemented with broadcasting.
|
|
> - [linear algebra operations](kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/api/LinearOpsTensorAlgebra.kt) : Advanced linear algebra operations like LU decomposition, SVD, etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-trajectory](kmath-trajectory)
|
|
> Path and trajectory optimization
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
|
|
|
|
### [kmath-viktor](kmath-viktor)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: DEVELOPMENT
|
|
|
|
### [test-utils](test-utils)
|
|
>
|
|
>
|
|
> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Multi-platform support
|
|
|
|
KMath is developed as a multi-platform library, which means that most of the interfaces are declared in the
|
|
[common source sets](/kmath-core/src/commonMain) and implemented there wherever it is possible. In some cases, features
|
|
are delegated to platform-specific implementations even if they could be provided in the common module for performance
|
|
reasons. Currently, the Kotlin/JVM is the primary platform, however Kotlin/Native and Kotlin/JS contributions and
|
|
feedback are also welcome.
|
|
|
|
## Performance
|
|
|
|
Calculation performance is one of major goals of KMath in the future, but in some cases it is impossible to achieve both
|
|
performance and flexibility.
|
|
|
|
We expect to focus on creating convenient universal API first and then work on increasing performance for specific
|
|
cases. We expect the worst KMath benchmarks will perform better than native Python, but worse than optimized
|
|
native/SciPy (mostly due to boxing operations on primitive numbers). The best performance of optimized parts could be better than SciPy.
|
|
|
|
## Requirements
|
|
|
|
KMath currently relies on JDK 11 for compilation and execution of Kotlin-JVM part. We recommend to use GraalVM-CE 11 for
|
|
execution to get better performance.
|
|
|
|
### Repositories
|
|
|
|
Release and development artifacts are accessible from mipt-npm [Space](https://www.jetbrains.com/space/)
|
|
repository `https://maven.pkg.jetbrains.space/mipt-npm/p/sci/maven` (see documentation of
|
|
[Kotlin Multiplatform](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/multiplatform.html) for more details). The repository could
|
|
be reached through [repo.kotlin.link](https://repo.kotlin.link) proxy:
|
|
|
|
```kotlin
|
|
repositories {
|
|
maven("https://repo.kotlin.link")
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
dependencies {
|
|
api("space.kscience:kmath-core:$version")
|
|
// api("space.kscience:kmath-core-jvm:$version") for jvm-specific version
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Gradle `6.0+` is required for multiplatform artifacts.
|
|
|
|
## Contributing
|
|
|
|
The project requires a lot of additional work. The most important thing we need is a feedback about what features are
|
|
required the most. Feel free to create feature requests. We are also welcome to code contributions, especially in issues
|
|
marked with
|
|
[waiting for a hero](https://github.com/SciProgCentre/kmath/labels/waiting%20for%20a%20hero) label. |