diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 073eaaba2..3ce57d5ca 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 ## Unreleased
 
 ### Added
+- Explicit `mutableStructureND` builders for mutable stucures
 
 ### Changed
 
diff --git a/buildSrc/build.gradle.kts b/buildSrc/build.gradle.kts
index afa36ed1e..734f60091 100644
--- a/buildSrc/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/buildSrc/build.gradle.kts
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ plugins {
     `version-catalog`
 }
 
-java.targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
-
 repositories {
     mavenLocal()
     maven("https://repo.kotlin.link")
@@ -26,6 +24,11 @@ dependencies {
     implementation("com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-kotlin:2.14.+")
 }
 
-kotlin.sourceSets.all {
-    languageSettings.optIn("kotlin.OptIn")
+kotlin{
+    jvmToolchain{
+        languageVersion.set(JavaLanguageVersion.of(11))
+    }
+    sourceSets.all {
+        languageSettings.optIn("kotlin.OptIn")
+    }
 }
diff --git a/examples/build.gradle.kts b/examples/build.gradle.kts
index 50708eaa9..4047dfc5e 100644
--- a/examples/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/examples/build.gradle.kts
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ dependencies {
 
     implementation("org.slf4j:slf4j-simple:1.7.32")
     // plotting
-    implementation("space.kscience:plotlykt-server:0.5.0")
+    implementation("space.kscience:plotlykt-server:0.5.3-dev-1")
 }
 
 kotlin {
diff --git a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/operations/mixedNDOperations.kt b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/operations/mixedNDOperations.kt
index 4a5d783e1..6cbcd9943 100644
--- a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/operations/mixedNDOperations.kt
+++ b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/operations/mixedNDOperations.kt
@@ -8,14 +8,15 @@ package space.kscience.kmath.operations
 import space.kscience.kmath.commons.linear.CMLinearSpace
 import space.kscience.kmath.linear.matrix
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.DoubleBufferND
-import space.kscience.kmath.nd.ShapeND
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.Structure2D
+import space.kscience.kmath.nd.mutableStructureND
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.ndAlgebra
-import space.kscience.kmath.viktor.ViktorStructureND
 import space.kscience.kmath.viktor.viktorAlgebra
+import kotlin.collections.component1
+import kotlin.collections.component2
 
 fun main() {
-    val viktorStructure: ViktorStructureND = DoubleField.viktorAlgebra.structureND(ShapeND(2, 2)) { (i, j) ->
+    val viktorStructure = DoubleField.viktorAlgebra.mutableStructureND(2, 2) { (i, j) ->
         if (i == j) 2.0 else 0.0
     }
 
diff --git a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/series/analyzeDif.kt b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/series/analyzeDif.kt
index 0e10f1a9a..e49adc82e 100644
--- a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/series/analyzeDif.kt
+++ b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/series/analyzeDif.kt
@@ -13,7 +13,10 @@ import space.kscience.kmath.structures.slice
 import space.kscience.plotly.*
 import kotlin.math.PI
 
-fun main() = with(Double.algebra.bufferAlgebra.seriesAlgebra()) {
+fun Double.Companion.seriesAlgebra() = Double.algebra.bufferAlgebra.seriesAlgebra()
+
+
+fun main() = with(Double.seriesAlgebra()) {
 
 
     fun Plot.plotSeries(name: String, buffer: Buffer<Double>) {
diff --git a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/series/seriesBuilder.kt b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/series/seriesBuilder.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8a8f1d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/series/seriesBuilder.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2018-2023 KMath contributors.
+ * Use of this source code is governed by the Apache 2.0 license that can be found in the license/LICENSE.txt file.
+ */
+
+package space.kscience.kmath.series
+
+
+import space.kscience.kmath.structures.Buffer
+import space.kscience.kmath.structures.DoubleBuffer
+import space.kscience.kmath.structures.asBuffer
+import space.kscience.kmath.structures.toDoubleArray
+import space.kscience.plotly.*
+import space.kscience.plotly.models.Scatter
+import space.kscience.plotly.models.ScatterMode
+import kotlin.random.Random
+
+fun main(): Unit = with(Double.seriesAlgebra()) {
+
+    val random = Random(1234)
+
+    val arrayOfRandoms = DoubleArray(20) { random.nextDouble() }
+
+    val series1: DoubleBuffer = arrayOfRandoms.asBuffer()
+    val series2: Series<Double> = series1.moveBy(3)
+
+    val res = series2 - series1
+
+    println(res.size)
+
+    println(res)
+
+    fun Plot.series(name: String, buffer: Buffer<Double>, block: Scatter.() -> Unit = {}) {
+        scatter {
+            this.name = name
+            x.numbers = buffer.offsetIndices
+            y.doubles = buffer.toDoubleArray()
+            block()
+        }
+    }
+
+    Plotly.plot {
+        series("series1", series1)
+        series("series2", series2)
+        series("dif", res){
+            mode = ScatterMode.lines
+            line.color("magenta")
+        }
+    }.makeFile(resourceLocation = ResourceLocation.REMOTE)
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/StreamDoubleFieldND.kt b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/StreamDoubleFieldND.kt
index 2ce2c21a6..9877c41ad 100644
--- a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/StreamDoubleFieldND.kt
+++ b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/StreamDoubleFieldND.kt
@@ -52,6 +52,15 @@ class StreamDoubleFieldND(override val shape: ShapeND) : FieldND<Double, DoubleF
         return BufferND(strides, array.asBuffer())
     }
 
+    override fun mutableStructureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: DoubleField.(IntArray) -> Double): MutableBufferND<Double> {
+        val array = IntStream.range(0, strides.linearSize).parallel().mapToDouble { offset ->
+            val index = strides.index(offset)
+            DoubleField.initializer(index)
+        }.toArray()
+
+        return MutableBufferND(strides, array.asBuffer())
+    }
+
     @OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
     override fun StructureND<Double>.map(
         transform: DoubleField.(Double) -> Double,
diff --git a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/mutableNd.kt b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/mutableNd.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b0a4cac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/mutableNd.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2018-2023 KMath contributors.
+ * Use of this source code is governed by the Apache 2.0 license that can be found in the license/LICENSE.txt file.
+ */
+
+package space.kscience.kmath.structures
+
+import space.kscience.kmath.PerformancePitfall
+import space.kscience.kmath.nd.*
+import space.kscience.kmath.operations.algebra
+
+@OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
+fun main(): Unit = with(Double.algebra.ndAlgebra) {
+    val structure: MutableStructure2D<Double> = mutableStructureND(ShapeND(2, 2)) { (i, j) ->
+        i.toDouble() + j.toDouble()
+    }.as2D()
+
+    structure[0, 1] = -2.0
+
+    val structure2 = mutableStructureND(2, 2) { (i, j) -> i.toDouble() + j.toDouble() }.as2D()
+
+    structure2[0, 1] = 2.0
+
+
+    println(structure + structure2)
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
index 070cb702f..59bc51a20 100644
--- a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
+++ b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.6-bin.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.1-bin.zip
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
diff --git a/kmath-core/build.gradle.kts b/kmath-core/build.gradle.kts
index 08411be59..600b0b8ce 100644
--- a/kmath-core/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/kmath-core/build.gradle.kts
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ kotlin.sourceSets {
     filter { it.name.contains("test", true) }
         .map(org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.KotlinSourceSet::languageSettings)
         .forEach {
-            it.optIn("space.kscience.kmath.misc.PerformancePitfall")
-            it.optIn("space.kscience.kmath.misc.UnstableKMathAPI")
+            it.optIn("space.kscience.kmath.PerformancePitfall")
+            it.optIn("space.kscience.kmath.UnstableKMathAPI")
         }
 }
 
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/AlgebraND.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/AlgebraND.kt
index 91e26cc1b..f6626432d 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/AlgebraND.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/AlgebraND.kt
@@ -16,16 +16,22 @@ import kotlin.reflect.KClass
  * @param T the type of ND-structure element.
  * @param C the type of the element context.
  */
-public interface AlgebraND<T, out C : Algebra<T>>: Algebra<StructureND<T>> {
+public interface AlgebraND<T, out C : Algebra<T>> : Algebra<StructureND<T>> {
     /**
      * The algebra over elements of ND structure.
      */
     public val elementAlgebra: C
 
+    /**
+     * Produces a new [MutableStructureND] using given initializer function.
+     */
+    public fun mutableStructureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: C.(IntArray) -> T): MutableStructureND<T>
+
     /**
      * Produces a new [StructureND] using given initializer function.
      */
-    public fun structureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: C.(IntArray) -> T): StructureND<T>
+    public fun structureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: C.(IntArray) -> T): StructureND<T> =
+        mutableStructureND(shape, initializer)
 
     /**
      * Maps elements from one structure to another one by applying [transform] to them.
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/BufferAlgebraND.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/BufferAlgebraND.kt
index 74c63e6e2..78bc83826 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/BufferAlgebraND.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/BufferAlgebraND.kt
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@ public interface BufferAlgebraND<T, out A : Algebra<T>> : AlgebraND<T, A> {
     public val bufferAlgebra: BufferAlgebra<T, A>
     override val elementAlgebra: A get() = bufferAlgebra.elementAlgebra
 
-    override fun structureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: A.(IntArray) -> T): BufferND<T> {
+    //TODO change AlgebraND contract to include this
+    override fun mutableStructureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: A.(IntArray) -> T): MutableBufferND<T> {
         val indexer = indexerBuilder(shape)
-        return BufferND(
+        return MutableBufferND(
             indexer,
             bufferAlgebra.buffer(indexer.linearSize) { offset ->
                 elementAlgebra.initializer(indexer.index(offset))
@@ -26,6 +27,9 @@ public interface BufferAlgebraND<T, out A : Algebra<T>> : AlgebraND<T, A> {
         )
     }
 
+    override fun structureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: A.(IntArray) -> T): BufferND<T> =
+        mutableStructureND(shape, initializer)
+
     @OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
     public fun StructureND<T>.toBufferND(): BufferND<T> = when (this) {
         is BufferND -> this
@@ -133,6 +137,11 @@ public fun <T, A : Algebra<T>> BufferAlgebraND<T, A>.structureND(
     initializer: A.(IntArray) -> T,
 ): BufferND<T> = structureND(ShapeND(shape), initializer)
 
+public fun <T, A : Algebra<T>> BufferAlgebraND<T, A>.mutableStructureND(
+    vararg shape: Int,
+    initializer: A.(IntArray) -> T,
+): MutableBufferND<T> = mutableStructureND(ShapeND(shape), initializer)
+
 public fun <T, EA : Algebra<T>, A> A.structureND(
     initializer: EA.(IntArray) -> T,
 ): BufferND<T> where A : BufferAlgebraND<T, EA>, A : WithShape = structureND(shape, initializer)
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/DoubleFieldND.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/DoubleFieldND.kt
index 265d1eec8..15048efa2 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/DoubleFieldND.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/DoubleFieldND.kt
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ public sealed class DoubleFieldOpsND : BufferedFieldOpsND<Double, DoubleField>(D
         transform: DoubleField.(Double, Double) -> Double,
     ): BufferND<Double> = zipInline(left.toBufferND(), right.toBufferND()) { l, r -> DoubleField.transform(l, r) }
 
-    override fun structureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: DoubleField.(IntArray) -> Double): DoubleBufferND {
+    override fun mutableStructureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: DoubleField.(IntArray) -> Double): DoubleBufferND {
         val indexer = indexerBuilder(shape)
         return DoubleBufferND(
             indexer,
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ public class DoubleFieldND(override val shape: ShapeND) :
 
     override fun number(value: Number): DoubleBufferND {
         val d = value.toDouble() // minimize conversions
-        return structureND(shape) { d }
+        return mutableStructureND(shape) { d }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/StructureND.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/StructureND.kt
index e643186ba..f0a258389 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/StructureND.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/StructureND.kt
@@ -244,6 +244,7 @@ public interface MutableStructureND<T> : StructureND<T> {
  * Set value at specified indices
  */
 @PerformancePitfall
+@Deprecated("")
 public operator fun <T> MutableStructureND<T>.set(vararg index: Int, value: T) {
     set(index, value)
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/algebraNDExtentions.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/algebraNDExtentions.kt
index f0d4bd7f5..506f82da4 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/algebraNDExtentions.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/algebraNDExtentions.kt
@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ public fun <T, A : Algebra<T>> AlgebraND<T, A>.structureND(
     initializer: A.(IntArray) -> T
 ): StructureND<T> = structureND(ShapeND(shapeFirst, *shapeRest), initializer)
 
+public fun <T, A : Algebra<T>> AlgebraND<T, A>.mutableStructureND(
+    shapeFirst: Int,
+    vararg shapeRest: Int,
+    initializer: A.(IntArray) -> T
+): MutableStructureND<T> = mutableStructureND(ShapeND(shapeFirst, *shapeRest), initializer)
+
 public fun <T, A : Group<T>> AlgebraND<T, A>.zero(shape: ShapeND): StructureND<T> = structureND(shape) { zero }
 
 @JvmName("zeroVarArg")
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/operations/BufferAlgebra.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/operations/BufferAlgebra.kt
index af0bc4d9b..26a4b0a53 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/operations/BufferAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/operations/BufferAlgebra.kt
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 package space.kscience.kmath.operations
 
 import space.kscience.kmath.structures.Buffer
-import space.kscience.kmath.structures.BufferFactory
+import space.kscience.kmath.structures.MutableBuffer
+import space.kscience.kmath.structures.MutableBufferFactory
 
 public interface WithSize {
     public val size: Int
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ public interface WithSize {
  */
 public interface BufferAlgebra<T, out A : Algebra<T>> : Algebra<Buffer<T>> {
     public val elementAlgebra: A
-    public val elementBufferFactory: BufferFactory<T> get() = elementAlgebra.bufferFactory
+    public val elementBufferFactory: MutableBufferFactory<T> get() = elementAlgebra.bufferFactory
 
     public fun buffer(size: Int, vararg elements: T): Buffer<T> {
         require(elements.size == size) { "Expected $size elements but found ${elements.size}" }
@@ -73,11 +74,11 @@ private inline fun <T, A : Algebra<T>> BufferAlgebra<T, A>.zipInline(
     return elementBufferFactory(l.size) { elementAlgebra.block(l[it], r[it]) }
 }
 
-public fun <T> BufferAlgebra<T, *>.buffer(size: Int, initializer: (Int) -> T): Buffer<T> {
+public fun <T> BufferAlgebra<T, *>.buffer(size: Int, initializer: (Int) -> T): MutableBuffer<T> {
     return elementBufferFactory(size, initializer)
 }
 
-public fun <T, A> A.buffer(initializer: (Int) -> T): Buffer<T> where A : BufferAlgebra<T, *>, A : WithSize {
+public fun <T, A> A.buffer(initializer: (Int) -> T): MutableBuffer<T> where A : BufferAlgebra<T, *>, A : WithSize {
     return elementBufferFactory(size, initializer)
 }
 
diff --git a/kmath-multik/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/multik/MultikTensorAlgebra.kt b/kmath-multik/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/multik/MultikTensorAlgebra.kt
index c3a82b167..c5bbebfd8 100644
--- a/kmath-multik/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/multik/MultikTensorAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-multik/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/multik/MultikTensorAlgebra.kt
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public abstract class MultikTensorAlgebra<T, A : Ring<T>>(
     protected val multikStat: Statistics = multikEngine.getStatistics()
 
     @OptIn(UnsafeKMathAPI::class)
-    override fun structureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: A.(IntArray) -> T): MultikTensor<T> {
+    override fun mutableStructureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: A.(IntArray) -> T): MultikTensor<T> {
         val strides = ColumnStrides(shape)
         val memoryView = initMemoryView<T>(strides.linearSize, type)
         strides.asSequence().forEachIndexed { linearIndex, tensorIndex ->
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public abstract class MultikTensorAlgebra<T, A : Ring<T>>(
         for (el in array) data[count++] = elementAlgebra.transform(el)
         NDArray(data, shape = shape.asArray(), dim = array.dim).wrap()
     } else {
-        structureND(shape) { index ->
+        mutableStructureND(shape) { index ->
             transform(get(index))
         }
     }
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public abstract class MultikTensorAlgebra<T, A : Ring<T>>(
             }
             NDArray(data, shape = array.shape, dim = array.dim).wrap()
         } else {
-            structureND(shape) { index ->
+            mutableStructureND(shape) { index ->
                 transform(index, get(index))
             }
         }
diff --git a/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jArrayAlgebra.kt b/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jArrayAlgebra.kt
index 0eb147b6f..eab6672a1 100644
--- a/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jArrayAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jArrayAlgebra.kt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public sealed interface Nd4jArrayAlgebra<T, out C : Algebra<T>> : AlgebraND<T, C
     public val StructureND<T>.ndArray: INDArray
 
     @OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
-    override fun structureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: C.(IntArray) -> T): Nd4jArrayStructure<T> {
+    override fun mutableStructureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: C.(IntArray) -> T): Nd4jArrayStructure<T> {
         @OptIn(UnsafeKMathAPI::class)
         val struct: Nd4jArrayStructure<T> = Nd4j.create(*shape.asArray())!!.wrap()
         struct.indicesIterator().forEach { struct[it] = elementAlgebra.initializer(it) }
diff --git a/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jTensorAlgebra.kt b/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jTensorAlgebra.kt
index 5905739f8..44401ec53 100644
--- a/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jTensorAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jTensorAlgebra.kt
@@ -37,20 +37,20 @@ public sealed interface Nd4jTensorAlgebra<T : Number, A : Field<T>> : AnalyticTe
      */
     public val StructureND<T>.ndArray: INDArray
 
-    override fun structureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: A.(IntArray) -> T): Nd4jArrayStructure<T>
+    override fun mutableStructureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: A.(IntArray) -> T): Nd4jArrayStructure<T>
 
     @OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
     override fun StructureND<T>.map(transform: A.(T) -> T): Nd4jArrayStructure<T> =
-        structureND(shape) { index -> elementAlgebra.transform(get(index)) }
+        mutableStructureND(shape) { index -> elementAlgebra.transform(get(index)) }
 
     @OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
     override fun StructureND<T>.mapIndexed(transform: A.(index: IntArray, T) -> T): Nd4jArrayStructure<T> =
-        structureND(shape) { index -> elementAlgebra.transform(index, get(index)) }
+        mutableStructureND(shape) { index -> elementAlgebra.transform(index, get(index)) }
 
     @OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
     override fun zip(left: StructureND<T>, right: StructureND<T>, transform: A.(T, T) -> T): Nd4jArrayStructure<T> {
         require(left.shape.contentEquals(right.shape))
-        return structureND(left.shape) { index -> elementAlgebra.transform(left[index], right[index]) }
+        return mutableStructureND(left.shape) { index -> elementAlgebra.transform(left[index], right[index]) }
     }
 
     override fun T.plus(arg: StructureND<T>): Nd4jArrayStructure<T> = arg.ndArray.add(this).wrap()
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ public object DoubleNd4jTensorAlgebra : Nd4jTensorAlgebra<Double, DoubleField> {
     override fun INDArray.wrap(): Nd4jArrayStructure<Double> = asDoubleStructure()
 
     @OptIn(UnsafeKMathAPI::class)
-    override fun structureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: DoubleField.(IntArray) -> Double): Nd4jArrayStructure<Double> {
+    override fun mutableStructureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: DoubleField.(IntArray) -> Double): Nd4jArrayStructure<Double> {
         val array: INDArray = Nd4j.zeros(*shape.asArray())
         val indices = ColumnStrides(shape)
         indices.asSequence().forEach { index ->
diff --git a/kmath-tensorflow/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensorflow/DoubleTensorFlowAlgebra.kt b/kmath-tensorflow/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensorflow/DoubleTensorFlowAlgebra.kt
index 41c7c0b68..dceb0cb53 100644
--- a/kmath-tensorflow/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensorflow/DoubleTensorFlowAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-tensorflow/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensorflow/DoubleTensorFlowAlgebra.kt
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import space.kscience.kmath.PerformancePitfall
 import space.kscience.kmath.UnstableKMathAPI
 import space.kscience.kmath.expressions.Symbol
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.ColumnStrides
+import space.kscience.kmath.nd.MutableStructureND
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.ShapeND
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.StructureND
 import space.kscience.kmath.operations.DoubleField
@@ -36,10 +37,10 @@ public class DoubleTensorFlowAlgebra internal constructor(
 
     override val elementAlgebra: DoubleField get() = DoubleField
 
-    override fun structureND(
+    override fun mutableStructureND(
         shape: ShapeND,
         initializer: DoubleField.(IntArray) -> Double,
-    ): StructureND<Double> {
+    ): MutableStructureND<Double> {
         val res = TFloat64.tensorOf(org.tensorflow.ndarray.Shape.of(*shape.toLongArray())) { array ->
             ColumnStrides(shape).forEach { index ->
                 array.setDouble(elementAlgebra.initializer(index), *index.toLongArray())
diff --git a/kmath-tensors/build.gradle.kts b/kmath-tensors/build.gradle.kts
index d27faeeef..7a556ddb6 100644
--- a/kmath-tensors/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/kmath-tensors/build.gradle.kts
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ kscience{
 
 kotlin.sourceSets {
     all {
-        languageSettings.optIn("space.kscience.kmath.misc.UnstableKMathAPI")
+        languageSettings.optIn("space.kscience.kmath.UnstableKMathAPI")
     }
 
     filter { it.name.contains("test", true) }
         .map(org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.plugin.KotlinSourceSet::languageSettings)
-        .forEach { it.optIn("space.kscience.kmath.misc.PerformancePitfall") }
+        .forEach { it.optIn("space.kscience.kmath.PerformancePitfall") }
 
     commonMain {
         dependencies {
diff --git a/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/DoubleTensorAlgebra.kt b/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/DoubleTensorAlgebra.kt
index 70a3ef7e2..7a076b8b2 100644
--- a/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/DoubleTensorAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/DoubleTensorAlgebra.kt
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public open class DoubleTensorAlgebra :
      * @param initializer mapping tensor indices to values.
      * @return tensor with the [shape] shape and data generated by the [initializer].
      */
-    override fun structureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: DoubleField.(IntArray) -> Double): DoubleTensor = fromArray(
+    override fun mutableStructureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: DoubleField.(IntArray) -> Double): DoubleTensor = fromArray(
         shape,
         RowStrides(shape).asSequence().map { DoubleField.initializer(it) }.toMutableList().toDoubleArray()
     )
diff --git a/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/IntTensorAlgebra.kt b/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/IntTensorAlgebra.kt
index d1cdc68d4..c20b1cd7d 100644
--- a/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/IntTensorAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/IntTensorAlgebra.kt
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ public open class IntTensorAlgebra : TensorAlgebra<Int, IntRing> {
      * @param initializer mapping tensor indices to values.
      * @return tensor with the [shape] shape and data generated by the [initializer].
      */
-    override fun structureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: IntRing.(IntArray) -> Int): IntTensor = fromArray(
+    override fun mutableStructureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: IntRing.(IntArray) -> Int): IntTensor = fromArray(
         shape,
         RowStrides(shape).asSequence().map { IntRing.initializer(it) }.toMutableList().toIntArray()
     )
diff --git a/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestDoubleTensor.kt b/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestDoubleTensor.kt
index 811fc1117..1f3079bd0 100644
--- a/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestDoubleTensor.kt
+++ b/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestDoubleTensor.kt
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ internal class TestDoubleTensor {
 
     @Test
     fun test2D() = with(DoubleTensorAlgebra) {
-        val tensor: DoubleTensor = structureND(ShapeND(3, 3)) { (i, j) -> (i - j).toDouble() }
+        val tensor: DoubleTensor = mutableStructureND(ShapeND(3, 3)) { (i, j) -> (i - j).toDouble() }
         //println(tensor.toPrettyString())
         val tensor2d = tensor.asDoubleTensor2D()
         assertBufferEquals(DoubleBuffer(1.0, 0.0, -1.0), tensor2d.rows[1])
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ internal class TestDoubleTensor {
 
     @Test
     fun testMatrixIteration() = with(DoubleTensorAlgebra) {
-        val tensor = structureND(ShapeND(3, 3, 3, 3)) { index -> index.sum().toDouble() }
+        val tensor = mutableStructureND(ShapeND(3, 3, 3, 3)) { index -> index.sum().toDouble() }
         tensor.forEachMatrix { index, matrix ->
             println(index.joinToString { it.toString() })
             println(matrix)
diff --git a/kmath-viktor/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/viktor/ViktorFieldOpsND.kt b/kmath-viktor/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/viktor/ViktorFieldOpsND.kt
index 8c7d6d199..ed705d2cd 100644
--- a/kmath-viktor/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/viktor/ViktorFieldOpsND.kt
+++ b/kmath-viktor/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/viktor/ViktorFieldOpsND.kt
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ import space.kscience.kmath.operations.ExtendedFieldOps
 import space.kscience.kmath.operations.NumbersAddOps
 import space.kscience.kmath.operations.PowerOperations
 
-@OptIn(UnstableKMathAPI::class, PerformancePitfall::class)
-@Suppress("OVERRIDE_BY_INLINE", "NOTHING_TO_INLINE")
+@OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
 public open class ViktorFieldOpsND :
     FieldOpsND<Double, DoubleField>,
     ExtendedFieldOps<StructureND<Double>>,
@@ -27,13 +26,13 @@ public open class ViktorFieldOpsND :
     public val StructureND<Double>.f64Buffer: F64Array
         get() = when (this) {
             is ViktorStructureND -> this.f64Buffer
-            else -> structureND(shape) { this@f64Buffer[it] }.f64Buffer
+            else -> mutableStructureND(shape) { this@f64Buffer[it] }.f64Buffer
         }
 
     override val elementAlgebra: DoubleField get() = DoubleField
 
     @OptIn(UnsafeKMathAPI::class)
-    override fun structureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: DoubleField.(IntArray) -> Double): ViktorStructureND =
+    override fun mutableStructureND(shape: ShapeND, initializer: DoubleField.(IntArray) -> Double): ViktorStructureND =
         F64Array(*shape.asArray()).apply {
             ColumnStrides(shape).asSequence().forEach { index ->
                 set(value = DoubleField.initializer(index), indices = index)