diff --git a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/StreamDoubleFieldND.kt b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/StreamDoubleFieldND.kt
index 3a59423d4..1171231ab 100644
--- a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/StreamDoubleFieldND.kt
+++ b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/structures/StreamDoubleFieldND.kt
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class StreamDoubleFieldND(override val shape: ShapeND) : FieldND<Double, Float64
     @OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
     private val StructureND<Double>.buffer: Float64Buffer
         get() = when {
-            !shape.contentEquals(this@StreamDoubleFieldND.shape) -> throw ShapeMismatchException(
+            shape != this@StreamDoubleFieldND.shape -> throw ShapeMismatchException(
                 this@StreamDoubleFieldND.shape,
                 shape
             )
diff --git a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/OLSWithSVD.kt b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/OLSWithSVD.kt
index 8de4ab527..66f800f2c 100644
--- a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/OLSWithSVD.kt
+++ b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/OLSWithSVD.kt
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 package space.kscience.kmath.tensors
 
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.ShapeND
-import space.kscience.kmath.nd.contentEquals
 import space.kscience.kmath.operations.invoke
 import space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core.DoubleTensor
 import space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core.DoubleTensorAlgebra
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ fun main() {
         // figure out MSE of approximation
         fun mse(yTrue: DoubleTensor, yPred: DoubleTensor): Double {
             require(yTrue.shape.size == 1)
-            require(yTrue.shape contentEquals yPred.shape)
+            require(yTrue.shape == yPred.shape)
 
             val diff = yTrue - yPred
             return sqrt(diff.dot(diff)).value()
diff --git a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/neuralNetwork.kt b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/neuralNetwork.kt
index 78f27c304..74b9c899a 100644
--- a/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/neuralNetwork.kt
+++ b/examples/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/neuralNetwork.kt
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 package space.kscience.kmath.tensors
 
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.ShapeND
-import space.kscience.kmath.nd.contentEquals
 import space.kscience.kmath.operations.asIterable
 import space.kscience.kmath.operations.invoke
 import space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core.*
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ class Dense(
 
 // simple accuracy equal to the proportion of correct answers
 fun accuracy(yPred: DoubleTensor, yTrue: DoubleTensor): Double {
-    check(yPred.shape contentEquals yTrue.shape)
+    check(yPred.shape == yTrue.shape)
     val n = yPred.shape[0]
     var correctCnt = 0
     for (i in 0 until n) {
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/linear/BufferedLinearSpace.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/linear/BufferedLinearSpace.kt
index fca29a9dd..878159a51 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/linear/BufferedLinearSpace.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/linear/BufferedLinearSpace.kt
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ public class BufferedLinearSpace<T, out A : Ring<T>>(
     }
 
     override fun Matrix<T>.plus(other: Matrix<T>): Matrix<T> = ndAlgebra {
-        require(shape.contentEquals(other.shape)) { "Shape mismatch on Matrix::plus. Expected $shape but found ${other.shape}" }
+        require(shape == other.shape) { "Shape mismatch on Matrix::plus. Expected $shape but found ${other.shape}" }
         asND().plus(other.asND()).as2D()
     }
 
     override fun Matrix<T>.minus(other: Matrix<T>): Matrix<T> = ndAlgebra {
-        require(shape.contentEquals(other.shape)) { "Shape mismatch on Matrix::minus. Expected $shape but found ${other.shape}" }
+        require(shape == other.shape) { "Shape mismatch on Matrix::minus. Expected $shape but found ${other.shape}" }
         asND().minus(other.asND()).as2D()
     }
 
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/linear/Float64LinearSpace.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/linear/Float64LinearSpace.kt
index bafdbbc3b..561cb5fd4 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/linear/Float64LinearSpace.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/linear/Float64LinearSpace.kt
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ public object Float64LinearSpace : LinearSpace<Double, Float64Field> {
     }
 
     override fun Matrix<Double>.plus(other: Matrix<Double>): Matrix<Double> = Floa64FieldOpsND {
-        require(shape.contentEquals(other.shape)) { "Shape mismatch on Matrix::plus. Expected $shape but found ${other.shape}" }
+        require(shape == other.shape) { "Shape mismatch on Matrix::plus. Expected $shape but found ${other.shape}" }
         asND().plus(other.asND()).as2D()
     }
 
     override fun Matrix<Double>.minus(other: Matrix<Double>): Matrix<Double> = Floa64FieldOpsND {
-        require(shape.contentEquals(other.shape)) { "Shape mismatch on Matrix::minus. Expected $shape but found ${other.shape}" }
+        require(shape == other.shape) { "Shape mismatch on Matrix::minus. Expected $shape but found ${other.shape}" }
         asND().minus(other.asND()).as2D()
     }
 
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/AlgebraND.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/AlgebraND.kt
index 744f760f3..022d56a85 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/AlgebraND.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/AlgebraND.kt
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public interface AlgebraND<T, out C : Algebra<T>> : Algebra<StructureND<T>> {
      */
     @PerformancePitfall("Very slow on remote execution algebras")
     public fun zip(left: StructureND<T>, right: StructureND<T>, transform: C.(T, T) -> T): StructureND<T> {
-        require(left.shape.contentEquals(right.shape)) {
+        require(left.shape == right.shape) {
             "Expected left and right of the same shape, but left - ${left.shape} and right - ${right.shape}"
         }
         return structureND(left.shape) { index ->
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/ShapeIndices.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/ShapeIndices.kt
index e8545125f..d22e09d1b 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/ShapeIndices.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/ShapeIndices.kt
@@ -106,10 +106,10 @@ public class ColumnStrides(override val shape: ShapeND) : Strides() {
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
         if (this === other) return true
         if (other !is ColumnStrides) return false
-        return shape.contentEquals(other.shape)
+        return shape == other.shape
     }
 
-    override fun hashCode(): Int = shape.contentHashCode()
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = shape.hashCode()
 
 
     public companion object
@@ -156,10 +156,10 @@ public class RowStrides(override val shape: ShapeND) : Strides() {
     override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
         if (this === other) return true
         if (other !is RowStrides) return false
-        return shape.contentEquals(other.shape)
+        return shape == other.shape
     }
 
-    override fun hashCode(): Int = shape.contentHashCode()
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = shape.hashCode()
 
     public companion object
 
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/ShapeND.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/ShapeND.kt
index d5cdc6286..2b30d35e4 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/ShapeND.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd/ShapeND.kt
@@ -11,19 +11,30 @@ import kotlin.jvm.JvmInline
 /**
  * A read-only ND shape
  */
-@JvmInline
-public value class ShapeND(@PublishedApi internal val array: IntArray) {
+public class ShapeND(@PublishedApi internal val array: IntArray) {
     public val size: Int get() = array.size
     public operator fun get(index: Int): Int = array[index]
     override fun toString(): String = array.contentToString()
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = array.contentHashCode()
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean = other is ShapeND && array.contentEquals(other.array)
 }
 
 public inline fun ShapeND.forEach(block: (value: Int) -> Unit): Unit = array.forEach(block)
 
 public inline fun ShapeND.forEachIndexed(block: (index: Int, value: Int) -> Unit): Unit = array.forEachIndexed(block)
 
+@Deprecated(
+    message = "ShapeND is made a usual class with correct `equals`. Use it instead of the `contentEquals`.",
+    replaceWith = ReplaceWith("this == other"),
+    level = DeprecationLevel.WARNING,
+)
 public infix fun ShapeND.contentEquals(other: ShapeND): Boolean = array.contentEquals(other.array)
 
+@Deprecated(
+    message = "ShapeND is made a usual class with correct `hashCode`. Use it instead of the `contentHashCode`.",
+    replaceWith = ReplaceWith("this.hashCode()"),
+    level = DeprecationLevel.WARNING,
+)
 public fun ShapeND.contentHashCode(): Int = array.contentHashCode()
 
 public val ShapeND.indices: IntRange get() = array.indices
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/jvmMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/linear/Float64ParallelLinearSpace.kt b/kmath-core/src/jvmMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/linear/Float64ParallelLinearSpace.kt
index 1fb5625b3..088b0fd9f 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/jvmMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/linear/Float64ParallelLinearSpace.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/jvmMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/linear/Float64ParallelLinearSpace.kt
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ public object Float64ParallelLinearSpace : LinearSpace<Double, Float64Field> {
     }
 
     override fun Matrix<Double>.plus(other: Matrix<Double>): Matrix<Double> = Floa64FieldOpsND {
-        require(shape.contentEquals(other.shape)) { "Shape mismatch on Matrix::plus. Expected $shape but found ${other.shape}" }
+        require(shape == other.shape) { "Shape mismatch on Matrix::plus. Expected $shape but found ${other.shape}" }
         asND().plus(other.asND()).as2D()
     }
 
     override fun Matrix<Double>.minus(other: Matrix<Double>): Matrix<Double> = Floa64FieldOpsND {
-        require(shape.contentEquals(other.shape)) { "Shape mismatch on Matrix::minus. Expected $shape but found ${other.shape}" }
+        require(shape == other.shape) { "Shape mismatch on Matrix::minus. Expected $shape but found ${other.shape}" }
         asND().minus(other.asND()).as2D()
     }
 
diff --git a/kmath-multik/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/multik/MultikTensorAlgebra.kt b/kmath-multik/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/multik/MultikTensorAlgebra.kt
index c0209338c..574a55605 100644
--- a/kmath-multik/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/multik/MultikTensorAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-multik/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/multik/MultikTensorAlgebra.kt
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public abstract class MultikTensorAlgebra<T, A : Ring<T>>(
 
     @OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
     override fun zip(left: StructureND<T>, right: StructureND<T>, transform: A.(T, T) -> T): MultikTensor<T> {
-        require(left.shape.contentEquals(right.shape)) { "ND array shape mismatch" } //TODO replace by ShapeMismatchException
+        require(left.shape == right.shape) { "ND array shape mismatch" } //TODO replace by ShapeMismatchException
         val leftArray = left.asMultik().array
         val rightArray = right.asMultik().array
         val data = initMemoryView<T>(leftArray.size, dataType)
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ public abstract class MultikTensorAlgebra<T, A : Ring<T>>(
     public fun MutableMultiArray<T, *>.wrap(): MultikTensor<T> = MultikTensor(this.asDNArray())
 
     @OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
-    override fun StructureND<T>.valueOrNull(): T? = if (shape contentEquals ShapeND(1)) {
+    override fun StructureND<T>.valueOrNull(): T? = if (shape == ShapeND(1)) {
         get(intArrayOf(0))
     } else null
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ public abstract class MultikTensorAlgebra<T, A : Ring<T>>(
         }
 
         val mt = asMultik().array
-        return if (ShapeND(mt.shape).contentEquals(shape)) {
+        return if (ShapeND(mt.shape) == shape) {
             mt
         } else {
             @OptIn(UnsafeKMathAPI::class)
diff --git a/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jArrayAlgebra.kt b/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jArrayAlgebra.kt
index 648e5e318..51f59f731 100644
--- a/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jArrayAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jArrayAlgebra.kt
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public sealed interface Nd4jArrayAlgebra<T, out C : Algebra<T>> : AlgebraND<T, C
         right: StructureND<T>,
         transform: C.(T, T) -> T,
     ): Nd4jArrayStructure<T> {
-        require(left.shape.contentEquals(right.shape)) { "Can't zip tow structures of shape ${left.shape} and ${right.shape}" }
+        require(left.shape == right.shape) { "Can't zip tow structures of shape ${left.shape} and ${right.shape}" }
         val new = Nd4j.create(*left.shape.asArray()).wrap()
         new.indicesIterator().forEach { idx -> new[idx] = elementAlgebra.transform(left[idx], right[idx]) }
         return new
diff --git a/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jTensorAlgebra.kt b/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jTensorAlgebra.kt
index 095715070..954984a69 100644
--- a/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jTensorAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-nd4j/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/nd4j/Nd4jTensorAlgebra.kt
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public sealed interface Nd4jTensorAlgebra<T : Number, A : Field<T>> : AnalyticTe
 
     @OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
     override fun zip(left: StructureND<T>, right: StructureND<T>, transform: A.(T, T) -> T): Nd4jArrayStructure<T> {
-        require(left.shape.contentEquals(right.shape))
+        require(left.shape == right.shape)
         return mutableStructureND(left.shape) { index -> elementAlgebra.transform(left[index], right[index]) }
     }
 
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ public object DoubleNd4jTensorAlgebra : Nd4jTensorAlgebra<Double, Float64Field>
         }
 
     override fun StructureND<Double>.valueOrNull(): Double? =
-        if (shape contentEquals ShapeND(1)) ndArray.getDouble(0) else null
+        if (shape == ShapeND(1)) ndArray.getDouble(0) else null
 
     // TODO rewrite
     override fun diagonalEmbedding(
diff --git a/kmath-tensorflow/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensorflow/TensorFlowAlgebra.kt b/kmath-tensorflow/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensorflow/TensorFlowAlgebra.kt
index 2a8720275..73ab44c60 100644
--- a/kmath-tensorflow/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensorflow/TensorFlowAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-tensorflow/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensorflow/TensorFlowAlgebra.kt
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import space.kscience.kmath.UnstableKMathAPI
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.ShapeND
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.StructureND
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.asArray
-import space.kscience.kmath.nd.contentEquals
 import space.kscience.kmath.operations.Ring
 import space.kscience.kmath.tensors.api.Tensor
 import space.kscience.kmath.tensors.api.TensorAlgebra
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ public abstract class TensorFlowAlgebra<T, TT : TNumber, A : Ring<T>> internal c
     protected abstract fun const(value: T): Constant<TT>
 
     @OptIn(PerformancePitfall::class)
-    override fun StructureND<T>.valueOrNull(): T? = if (shape contentEquals ShapeND(1))
+    override fun StructureND<T>.valueOrNull(): T? = if (shape == ShapeND(1))
         get(intArrayOf(0)) else null
 
     /**
diff --git a/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/DoubleTensorAlgebra.kt b/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/DoubleTensorAlgebra.kt
index 0024f41ad..d9e107d86 100644
--- a/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/DoubleTensorAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/DoubleTensorAlgebra.kt
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public open class DoubleTensorAlgebra :
 
     override fun StructureND<Double>.valueOrNull(): Double? {
         val dt = asDoubleTensor()
-        return if (dt.shape contentEquals ShapeND(1)) dt.source[0] else null
+        return if (dt.shape == ShapeND(1)) dt.source[0] else null
     }
 
     override fun StructureND<Double>.value(): Double = valueOrNull()
diff --git a/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/IntTensorAlgebra.kt b/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/IntTensorAlgebra.kt
index e75564ef5..46ec93059 100644
--- a/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/IntTensorAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/IntTensorAlgebra.kt
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ public open class IntTensorAlgebra : TensorAlgebra<Int, Int32Ring> {
 
     override fun StructureND<Int>.valueOrNull(): Int? {
         val dt = asIntTensor()
-        return if (dt.shape contentEquals ShapeND(1)) dt.source[0] else null
+        return if (dt.shape == ShapeND(1)) dt.source[0] else null
     }
 
     override fun StructureND<Int>.value(): Int = valueOrNull()
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ public open class IntTensorAlgebra : TensorAlgebra<Int, Int32Ring> {
     public fun stack(tensors: List<Tensor<Int>>): IntTensor {
         check(tensors.isNotEmpty()) { "List must have at least 1 element" }
         val shape = tensors[0].shape
-        check(tensors.all { it.shape contentEquals shape }) { "Tensors must have same shapes" }
+        check(tensors.all { it.shape == shape }) { "Tensors must have same shapes" }
         val resShape = ShapeND(tensors.size) + shape
 //        val resBuffer: List<Int> = tensors.flatMap {
 //            it.asIntTensor().source.array.drop(it.asIntTensor().bufferStart)
diff --git a/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/internal/checks.kt b/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/internal/checks.kt
index 1a0aa29d1..736f9c33d 100644
--- a/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/internal/checks.kt
+++ b/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/internal/checks.kt
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ package space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core.internal
 
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.ShapeND
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.StructureND
-import space.kscience.kmath.nd.contentEquals
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.linearSize
 import space.kscience.kmath.tensors.api.Tensor
 import space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core.DoubleTensor
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ internal fun checkBufferShapeConsistency(shape: ShapeND, buffer: DoubleArray) =
 
 @PublishedApi
 internal fun <T> checkShapesCompatible(a: StructureND<T>, b: StructureND<T>): Unit =
-    check(a.shape contentEquals b.shape) {
+    check(a.shape == b.shape) {
         "Incompatible shapes ${a.shape} and ${b.shape} "
     }
 
diff --git a/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/tensorOps.kt b/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/tensorOps.kt
index 9b31e5694..bd95cee5f 100644
--- a/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/tensorOps.kt
+++ b/kmath-tensors/src/commonMain/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/tensorOps.kt
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public fun DoubleTensorAlgebra.randomNormalLike(structure: WithShape, seed: Long
 public fun stack(tensors: List<Tensor<Double>>): DoubleTensor {
     check(tensors.isNotEmpty()) { "List must have at least 1 element" }
     val shape = tensors[0].shape
-    check(tensors.all { it.shape contentEquals shape }) { "Tensors must have same shapes" }
+    check(tensors.all { it.shape == shape }) { "Tensors must have same shapes" }
     val resShape = ShapeND(tensors.size) + shape
 //        val resBuffer: List<Double> = tensors.flatMap {
 //            it.asDoubleTensor().source.array.drop(it.asDoubleTensor().bufferStart)
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public fun DoubleTensorAlgebra.luPivot(
 ): Triple<DoubleTensor, DoubleTensor, DoubleTensor> {
     checkSquareMatrix(luTensor.shape)
     check(
-        luTensor.shape.first(luTensor.shape.size - 2) contentEquals pivotsTensor.shape.first(pivotsTensor.shape.size - 1) ||
+        luTensor.shape.first(luTensor.shape.size - 2) == pivotsTensor.shape.first(pivotsTensor.shape.size - 1) ||
                 luTensor.shape.last() == pivotsTensor.shape.last() - 1
     ) { "Inappropriate shapes of input tensors" }
 
diff --git a/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestBroadcasting.kt b/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestBroadcasting.kt
index f930cf94c..600f8241a 100644
--- a/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestBroadcasting.kt
+++ b/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestBroadcasting.kt
@@ -6,29 +6,31 @@
 package space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core
 
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.ShapeND
-import space.kscience.kmath.nd.contentEquals
 import space.kscience.kmath.operations.invoke
 import space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core.internal.broadcastOuterTensors
 import space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core.internal.broadcastShapes
 import space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core.internal.broadcastTensors
 import space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core.internal.broadcastTo
 import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 
 internal class TestBroadcasting {
 
     @Test
     fun testBroadcastShapes() = DoubleTensorAlgebra {
-        assertTrue(
+        assertEquals(
             broadcastShapes(
                 listOf(ShapeND(2, 3), ShapeND(1, 3), ShapeND(1, 1, 1))
-            ) contentEquals ShapeND(1, 2, 3)
+            ),
+            ShapeND(1, 2, 3)
         )
 
-        assertTrue(
+        assertEquals(
             broadcastShapes(
                 listOf(ShapeND(6, 7), ShapeND(5, 6, 1), ShapeND(7), ShapeND(5, 1, 7))
-            ) contentEquals ShapeND(5, 6, 7)
+            ),
+            ShapeND(5, 6, 7)
         )
     }
 
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ internal class TestBroadcasting {
         val tensor2 = fromArray(ShapeND(1, 3), doubleArrayOf(10.0, 20.0, 30.0))
 
         val res = broadcastTo(tensor2, tensor1.shape)
-        assertTrue(res.shape contentEquals ShapeND(2, 3))
+        assertTrue(res.shape == ShapeND(2, 3))
         assertTrue(res.source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0))
     }
 
@@ -50,9 +52,9 @@ internal class TestBroadcasting {
 
         val res = broadcastTensors(tensor1, tensor2, tensor3)
 
-        assertTrue(res[0].shape contentEquals ShapeND(1, 2, 3))
-        assertTrue(res[1].shape contentEquals ShapeND(1, 2, 3))
-        assertTrue(res[2].shape contentEquals ShapeND(1, 2, 3))
+        assertEquals(res[0].shape, ShapeND(1, 2, 3))
+        assertEquals(res[1].shape, ShapeND(1, 2, 3))
+        assertEquals(res[2].shape, ShapeND(1, 2, 3))
 
         assertTrue(res[0].source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0))
         assertTrue(res[1].source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0))
@@ -67,9 +69,9 @@ internal class TestBroadcasting {
 
         val res = broadcastOuterTensors(tensor1, tensor2, tensor3)
 
-        assertTrue(res[0].shape contentEquals ShapeND(1, 2, 3))
-        assertTrue(res[1].shape contentEquals ShapeND(1, 1, 3))
-        assertTrue(res[2].shape contentEquals ShapeND(1, 1, 1))
+        assertEquals(res[0].shape, ShapeND(1, 2, 3))
+        assertEquals(res[1].shape, ShapeND(1, 1, 3))
+        assertEquals(res[2].shape, ShapeND(1, 1, 1))
 
         assertTrue(res[0].source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0))
         assertTrue(res[1].source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(10.0, 20.0, 30.0))
@@ -84,9 +86,9 @@ internal class TestBroadcasting {
 
         val res = broadcastOuterTensors(tensor1, tensor2, tensor3)
 
-        assertTrue(res[0].shape contentEquals ShapeND(4, 2, 5, 3, 2, 3))
-        assertTrue(res[1].shape contentEquals ShapeND(4, 2, 5, 3, 3, 3))
-        assertTrue(res[2].shape contentEquals ShapeND(4, 2, 5, 3, 1, 1))
+        assertEquals(res[0].shape, ShapeND(4, 2, 5, 3, 2, 3))
+        assertEquals(res[1].shape, ShapeND(4, 2, 5, 3, 3, 3))
+        assertEquals(res[2].shape, ShapeND(4, 2, 5, 3, 1, 1))
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -99,16 +101,16 @@ internal class TestBroadcasting {
         val tensor31 = tensor3 - tensor1
         val tensor32 = tensor3 - tensor2
 
-        assertTrue(tensor21.shape contentEquals ShapeND(2, 3))
+        assertEquals(tensor21.shape, ShapeND(2, 3))
         assertTrue(tensor21.source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(9.0, 18.0, 27.0, 6.0, 15.0, 24.0))
 
-        assertTrue(tensor31.shape contentEquals ShapeND(1, 2, 3))
+        assertEquals(tensor31.shape, ShapeND(1, 2, 3))
         assertTrue(
             tensor31.source
                     contentEquals doubleArrayOf(499.0, 498.0, 497.0, 496.0, 495.0, 494.0)
         )
 
-        assertTrue(tensor32.shape contentEquals ShapeND(1, 1, 3))
+        assertEquals(tensor32.shape, ShapeND(1, 1, 3))
         assertTrue(tensor32.source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(490.0, 480.0, 470.0))
     }
 
diff --git a/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestDoubleLinearOpsAlgebra.kt b/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestDoubleLinearOpsAlgebra.kt
index 1c500af8b..d3c192d67 100644
--- a/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestDoubleLinearOpsAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestDoubleLinearOpsAlgebra.kt
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 package space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core
 
 import space.kscience.kmath.nd.ShapeND
-import space.kscience.kmath.nd.contentEquals
 import space.kscience.kmath.operations.invoke
 import space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core.internal.svd1d
 import kotlin.math.abs
@@ -113,8 +112,8 @@ internal class TestDoubleLinearOpsTensorAlgebra {
 
         val (q, r) = qr(tensor)
 
-        assertTrue { q.shape contentEquals shape }
-        assertTrue { r.shape contentEquals shape }
+        assertEquals(q.shape, shape)
+        assertEquals(r.shape, shape)
 
         assertTrue((q matmul r).eq(tensor))
 
@@ -133,9 +132,9 @@ internal class TestDoubleLinearOpsTensorAlgebra {
 
         val (p, l, u) = lu(tensor)
 
-        assertTrue { p.shape contentEquals shape }
-        assertTrue { l.shape contentEquals shape }
-        assertTrue { u.shape contentEquals shape }
+        assertEquals(p.shape, shape)
+        assertEquals(l.shape, shape)
+        assertEquals(u.shape, shape)
 
         assertTrue((p matmul tensor).eq(l matmul u))
     }
@@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ internal class TestDoubleLinearOpsTensorAlgebra {
 
         val res = svd1d(tensor2)
 
-        assertTrue(res.shape contentEquals ShapeND(2))
+        assertEquals(res.shape, ShapeND(2))
         assertTrue { abs(abs(res.source[0]) - 0.386) < 0.01 }
         assertTrue { abs(abs(res.source[1]) - 0.922) < 0.01 }
     }
diff --git a/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestDoubleTensorAlgebra.kt b/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestDoubleTensorAlgebra.kt
index 4f58846aa..d33e29f26 100644
--- a/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestDoubleTensorAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-tensors/src/commonTest/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/tensors/core/TestDoubleTensorAlgebra.kt
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 package space.kscience.kmath.tensors.core
 
 
-import space.kscience.kmath.nd.*
+import space.kscience.kmath.nd.ShapeND
+import space.kscience.kmath.nd.get
 import space.kscience.kmath.operations.invoke
 import space.kscience.kmath.testutils.assertBufferEquals
 import kotlin.test.Test
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ internal class TestDoubleTensorAlgebra {
         val res = tensor.transposed(0, 0)
 
         assertTrue(res.asDoubleTensor().source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(0.0))
-        assertTrue(res.shape contentEquals ShapeND(1))
+        assertEquals(res.shape, ShapeND(1))
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ internal class TestDoubleTensorAlgebra {
         val res = tensor.transposed(1, 0)
 
         assertTrue(res.asDoubleTensor().source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0))
-        assertTrue(res.shape contentEquals ShapeND(2, 3))
+        assertEquals(res.shape, ShapeND(2, 3))
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -62,9 +63,9 @@ internal class TestDoubleTensorAlgebra {
         val res02 = tensor.transposed(-3, 2)
         val res12 = tensor.transposed()
 
-        assertTrue(res01.shape contentEquals ShapeND(2, 1, 3))
-        assertTrue(res02.shape contentEquals ShapeND(3, 2, 1))
-        assertTrue(res12.shape contentEquals ShapeND(1, 3, 2))
+        assertEquals(res01.shape, ShapeND(2, 1, 3))
+        assertEquals(res02.shape, ShapeND(3, 2, 1))
+        assertEquals(res12.shape, ShapeND(1, 3, 2))
 
         assertTrue(res01.asDoubleTensor().source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0))
         assertTrue(res02.asDoubleTensor().source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(1.0, 4.0, 2.0, 5.0, 3.0, 6.0))
@@ -114,19 +115,19 @@ internal class TestDoubleTensorAlgebra {
 
         val res12 = tensor1.dot(tensor2)
         assertTrue(res12.source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(140.0, 320.0))
-        assertTrue(res12.shape contentEquals ShapeND(2))
+        assertEquals(res12.shape, ShapeND(2))
 
         val res32 = tensor3.matmul(tensor2)
         assertTrue(res32.source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(-140.0))
-        assertTrue(res32.shape contentEquals ShapeND(1, 1))
+        assertEquals(res32.shape, ShapeND(1, 1))
 
         val res22 = tensor2.dot(tensor2)
         assertTrue(res22.source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(1400.0))
-        assertTrue(res22.shape contentEquals ShapeND(1))
+        assertEquals(res22.shape, ShapeND(1))
 
         val res11 = tensor1.dot(tensor11)
         assertTrue(res11.source contentEquals doubleArrayOf(22.0, 28.0, 49.0, 64.0))
-        assertTrue(res11.shape contentEquals ShapeND(2, 2))
+        assertEquals(res11.shape, ShapeND(2, 2))
 
         val res45 = tensor4.matmul(tensor5)
         assertTrue(
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ internal class TestDoubleTensorAlgebra {
                 468.0, 501.0, 534.0, 594.0, 636.0, 678.0, 720.0, 771.0, 822.0
             )
         )
-        assertTrue(res45.shape contentEquals ShapeND(2, 3, 3))
+        assertEquals(res45.shape, ShapeND(2, 3, 3))
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -144,35 +145,35 @@ internal class TestDoubleTensorAlgebra {
         val tensor2 = fromArray(ShapeND(2, 3), doubleArrayOf(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0))
         val tensor3 = zeros(ShapeND(2, 3, 4, 5))
 
-        assertTrue(
-            diagonalEmbedding(tensor3, 0, 3, 4).shape contentEquals
-                    ShapeND(2, 3, 4, 5, 5)
+        assertEquals(
+            diagonalEmbedding(tensor3, 0, 3, 4).shape,
+            ShapeND(2, 3, 4, 5, 5)
         )
-        assertTrue(
-            diagonalEmbedding(tensor3, 1, 3, 4).shape contentEquals
-                    ShapeND(2, 3, 4, 6, 6)
+        assertEquals(
+            diagonalEmbedding(tensor3, 1, 3, 4).shape,
+            ShapeND(2, 3, 4, 6, 6)
         )
-        assertTrue(
-            diagonalEmbedding(tensor3, 2, 0, 3).shape contentEquals
-                    ShapeND(7, 2, 3, 7, 4)
+        assertEquals(
+            diagonalEmbedding(tensor3, 2, 0, 3).shape,
+            ShapeND(7, 2, 3, 7, 4)
         )
 
         val diagonal1 = diagonalEmbedding(tensor1, 0, 1, 0)
-        assertTrue(diagonal1.shape contentEquals ShapeND(3, 3))
+        assertEquals(diagonal1.shape, ShapeND(3, 3))
         assertTrue(
             diagonal1.source contentEquals
                     doubleArrayOf(10.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 20.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 30.0)
         )
 
         val diagonal1Offset = diagonalEmbedding(tensor1, 1, 1, 0)
-        assertTrue(diagonal1Offset.shape contentEquals ShapeND(4, 4))
+        assertEquals(diagonal1Offset.shape, ShapeND(4, 4))
         assertTrue(
             diagonal1Offset.source contentEquals
                     doubleArrayOf(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 20.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 30.0, 0.0)
         )
 
         val diagonal2 = diagonalEmbedding(tensor2, 1, 0, 2)
-        assertTrue(diagonal2.shape contentEquals ShapeND(4, 2, 4))
+        assertEquals(diagonal2.shape, ShapeND(4, 2, 4))
         assertTrue(
             diagonal2.source contentEquals
                     doubleArrayOf(
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ internal class TestDoubleTensorAlgebra {
         val l = tensor.getTensor(0).map { it + 1.0 }
         val r = tensor.getTensor(1).map { it - 1.0 }
         val res = l + r
-        assertTrue { ShapeND(5, 5) contentEquals res.shape }
+        assertEquals(ShapeND(5, 5), res.shape)
         assertEquals(2.0, res[4, 4])
     }
 }
diff --git a/kmath-viktor/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/viktor/ViktorFieldOpsND.kt b/kmath-viktor/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/viktor/ViktorFieldOpsND.kt
index 1d95546ac..61ef00c6f 100644
--- a/kmath-viktor/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/viktor/ViktorFieldOpsND.kt
+++ b/kmath-viktor/src/main/kotlin/space/kscience/kmath/viktor/ViktorFieldOpsND.kt
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public open class ViktorFieldOpsND :
         right: StructureND<Double>,
         transform: Float64Field.(Double, Double) -> Double,
     ): ViktorStructureND {
-        require(left.shape.contentEquals(right.shape))
+        require(left.shape == right.shape)
         return F64Array(*left.shape.asArray()).apply {
             ColumnStrides(left.shape).asSequence().forEach { index ->
                 set(value = Float64Field.transform(left[index], right[index]), indices = index)