# Tutorial
#### The main goal of this tutorial is to show the main capabilities of the visualization instrument.
The simple visualization can be made with function `main`. (this part will be supplemented)
```kotlin
import kotlinx.html.div
import space.kscience.dataforge.context.Context
import space.kscience.visionforge.html.ResourceLocation
import space.kscience.visionforge.solid.*
import java.nio.file.Paths
fun main(){
val context = Context{
plugin(Solids)
}
context.makeVisionFile (
Paths.get("nameFile.html"),
resourceLocation = ResourceLocation.EMBED
){
div {
//first vision
vision {
solid {
//solids which you want to visualize
}
}
//second vision
vision {
solid {
//solids which you want to visualize
}
}
}
}
}
```
## Solids properties
**We will analyze which basic properties solids have using `box` solid.**
*Basic properties:*
1. `opacity` — It is set in `float`. It takes on values from 0 to 1, which represent percents of solid opacity. It's initial value is 1.
2. `color` — It can be specified as `Int`, `String`, or as three `Ubytes`, which represent color in `rgb`. Elementally, the solid will have `green` color.
3. `rotation` — it's the point, which sets rotations along axes. Initially, the value is `Point3D(0, 0, 0)`. Changing `x` coordinate of the point, you make pivot around `x axis`. The same for other coordinates: changing `y` — pivot around `y axis`, changing `z` — pivot around `z axis`.
4. position, which is given by values `x`, `y`, `z`. Initial values are `x = 0`, `y = 0`, `z = 0`. The coordinate system is Cartesian. It's elemental position is this — vertical `y` axis and horizontal `Oxz` plane.
Let's see how properties are set in solids.
The `small box` will have elemental values of properties. If you don't set properties, it will have the same `position`, `color`, `rotation`, and `opacity` values.
***You can see that `box` take four values. Later, we will discuss what they do in more detail. Now, it does not really matter.***
```kotlin
box(10, 10, 10, name = "small box"){
x = 0
y = 0
z = 0
opacity = 1 //100% opacity
color("red") //as string
rotation = Point3D(0, 0, 0)
}
```
The `big box` will have properties with custom values.
```kotlin
box(40, 40, 40, name = "big box"){
x = 20
y = 10
z = 60
opacity = 0.5 //50% opacity
color(0u, 179u, 179u) //color in rgb
rotation = Point3D(60, 80, 0)
}
```
If we compare these boxes, we will see all differences.
Here is the function `main` with both boxes.
```kotlin
fun main(){
val context = Context{
plugin(Solids)
}
context.makeVisionFile (
Paths.get("customFile.html"),
resourceLocation = ResourceLocation.EMBED
){
div {
vision {
solid {
box(10, 10, 10, name = "small box"){
x = 0
y = 0
z = 0
opacity = 1 //100% opacity
color("red") //as string
rotation = Point3D(0, 0, 0)
}
box(40, 40, 40, name = "big box"){
x = 20
y = 10
z = 60
opacity = 0.5 //50% opacity
color(0u, 179u, 179u) //rgb
rotation = Point3D(60, 80, 0)
}
}
}
}
}
}
```
***There is plenty of other properties, especially those, which you can create by yourself. Here we mention just a small part.***
## Basic Solids
Now, let's see which solids can be visualized:
### 1) PolyLine
It's scarcely a solid, but it can be visualized, so we mention it.
`polyline` build lines, obviously. Let's take a look at it's work.
`polyline` requires two values — `points`, and `name`:
* `points` is a `vararg` with `Point3D` type. It takes pairs of points, which you want to connect.
* `name` is an identifier of *any solid*; but in this case, it is an identifier of `polyline`.
It's type is `String`. **This value can be required by any solid;
you can set it, you can not to set it, but without you won't be able to control solid, since it won't be inherited.**
This is an example of polyline with other solid `box`:
```kotlin
box(100, 100, 100, name = "box"){
x = -10
y = -10
z = -10
opacity = 0.4
}
polyline(Point3D(30, 20, 10), Point3D(30, -100, 30), Point3D(30, -100, 30), Point3D(50, -100, 30), name = "polyline"){
color("red")
}
```
### 2) Box
First thing which has to be mentioned is that `box` takes four values: `box(x, y, z, name)`
* `x` — x-axis length of the `box`
* `y` — y-axis length of the `box`
* `z` — z-axis length of the `box`
These values have `Float` type.
*`x`, `y`, and `z` are necessary values, which cannot be ignored. You have to set them.*
* `name` — `box`'es identifier. You've already met it.
Let's create just usual `box` with equal ribs.
```kotlin
box(50, 50, 50, name = "box") {
color("pink")
}
```
Now, let's make `box` with bigger `y` value.
```kotlin
box(10, 25, 10, name = "high box") {
color("black")
}
```
As you can see, only the rib of `y-axis` differs from other ribs.
For a final trial, let's create a `box` with a bigger `x` value.
```kotlin
box(65, 40, 40, name = "wide box") {
x = 0
y = 0
z = 0
color("black")
}
```
Predictably, only the `x-axis` rib is bigger than other ribs.
### 3) Sphere
It takes in two values: `radius`, and `name`.
We bring you to mind that `name` is a general value for all solids, so do not wonder, since all solids need their own identifier.
As for `radius`, it has `Float` type, and, as you can guess, it sets the radius of the sphere which will be created.
```kotlin
sphere(50, name = "sphere") {
x = 0
y = 0
z = 0
opacity = 0.9
color("blue")
}
```
### 4) Hexagon
It is solid which has six edges. It is set by eight values: `node1`,..., `node8`. They all have `Point3D` type, so they are just points, vertices.
*Six edges are these:*
1) Edge with vertices `node1`, `node4`, `node3`, `node2`
2) Edge with vertices `node1`, `node2`, `node6`, `node5`
3) Edge with vertices `node2`, `node3`, `node7`, `node6`
4) Edge with vertices `node4`, `node8`, `node7`, `node3`
5) Edge with vertices `node1`, `node5`, `node8`, `node4`
6) Edge with vertices `node8`, `node5`, `node6`, `node7`
As the hexagon takes in specific points, we understand that this solid cannot be moved, it is fixed in space, and it can't make pivots.
Let's make classic parallelepiped.
```kotlin
hexagon(
Point3D(25, 30, 25),
Point3D(35, 30, 25),
Point3D(35, 30, 15),
Point3D(25, 30, 15),
Point3D(30, 18, 20),
Point3D(40, 18, 20),
Point3D(40, 18, 10),
Point3D(30, 18, 10),
name = "classic hexagon"){
color("green")
}
```
Now, let's make a custom hexagon.
```kotlin
hexagon(
Point3D(5, 30, 5),
Point3D(24, 30, 8),
Point3D(20, 30, -10),
Point3D(5, 30, -7),
Point3D(8, 16, 0),
Point3D(12, 16, 0),
Point3D(10, 16, -5),
Point3D(6.5, 12, -3),
name = "custom_hexagon"
) {
color("brown")
}
```
### 3) Cone
It takes in six values: `bottomRadius`, `height`, `upperRadius`, `startAngle`, `angle`, and `name`.
Obviously, `bottomRadius` is responsible for the radius of a bottom base, and `height` sets the height of a cone along the `z-axis`.
As it takes such values as `upperRadius`, `startAngle`, `angle`, `cone` can build not only usual cones, but also cone segments. Initially, `upperRadius` will have `0.0` value, `startAngle` — `0f`, `angle` — `PI2`, so if you don't set them, you'll get just a simple cone.
Setting `upperRadius`, you make a frustum cone, since it sets a radius of the upper base of a cone. Set `startAngle`, and `angle` let to cut off segments by planes perpendicular to the base. `startAngle` — an angle, starting with which segment will be left, `angle` — an angle of cone, which will be set from `startAngle`.
Let's build a classic cone:
```kotlin
cone(60, 80, name = "cone") {
color("beige")
}
```
First of all, we have to try to build a frustum cone:
```kotlin
cone(60, 80, name = "cone") {
color(0u, 40u, 0u)
}
```
Now, we need to make a try to build a cone segment:
```kotlin
cone(60, 80, angle = PI, name = "cone") {
color(0u, 0u, 200u)
}
```
Finally, the segment of frustum cone is left for a try:
```kotlin
cone(60, 100, 20, PI*3/4, angle = PI/3, name = "cone") {
color(190u, 0u, 0u)
}
```
### 4) Cone Surface
This solid is set by seven values:`bottomOuterRadius`, `bottomInnerRadius`, `height`, `topOuterRadius`, `topInnerRadius`, `startAngle`, and `angle`.
In addition to `height`, `startAngle`, and `angle`, which work as they work in `cone`, there are some new values.
`bottomOuterRadius`, and `bottomInnerRadius` set properties of the bottom circle, `topOuterRadius`, `topInnerRadius` — of the upper circle. They have no initial value, so that means they have to be set.
Generally, `cone`, and `coneSurface` buildings work in the same way, it's possible to make `coneSurface`'s fragments as in `cone`
Let's build usual cone surface with almost all properties set:
```kotlin
coneSurface(60, 50, 30, 10, 100, name = "cone surface") {
color("red")
rotation = Point3D(2, 50, -9)
}
```
Now, let's create a cone surface and set all it's properties:
```kotlin
coneSurface(30, 25, 10, 10, 8,0f, pi*3/4, name = "cone surface") {
color("fuchsia")
rotation = Point3D(2, 50, -9)
}
```
### 5) Cylinder
This solid is set by `radius`, and `height`. As you can see by accepting values, there's no option of building fragments of cylinders.
Here's a demonstration of a cylinder:
```kotlin
cylinder(40, 100, "cylinder"){
rotation = Point3D(40, 0, 0)
color("indigo")
}
```
### 6) Tube
`tube` takes in `radius`, `height`, `innerRadius`, `startAngle`, `angle`, and `name`. *All values are familiar from `cone`, and `coneSurface` solids.*
Here is an example of classic tube:
```kotlin
tube(50, 40, 20, name = "usual tube"){
opacity = 0.4
}
```
This is an example of tube fragment:
```kotlin
tube(50, 40, 20, 0f, PI, name = "fragmented tube"){
color("white")
}
```
### 7) Extruded
`extruded` is set by two values: `shape`, and `layer`.
* `shape` is a value of `List<Point2D>` type. It's just a list of all points of the solid. *`shape` has to consist of not less than two points!*
* `layer` is `MutableList` types variable. (here is a sentence with a description of the work of this function). *The amount of `layer`-s has to be more than one*