Merge branch 'dev' into feature/quaternion

# Conflicts: # kmath-ast/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MstAlgebra.kt
2021-01-05 21:23:12 +07:00 · 2021-01-05 21:23:12 +07:00 · c3b8f11f22
commit c3b8f11f22
parent c30e739862 ac03068512
50 changed files with 2010 additions and 823 deletions
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -89,7 +89,16 @@ submit a feature request if you want something to be implemented first.
 * ### [kmath-ast](kmath-ast)
 > 
 >
-> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
+> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
+>
+> **Features:**
+> - [expression-language](kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/parser.kt) : Expression language and its parser
+> - [mst](kmath-ast/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MST.kt) : MST (Mathematical Syntax Tree) as expression language's syntax intermediate representation
+> - [mst-building](kmath-ast/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MstAlgebra.kt) : MST building algebraic structure
+> - [mst-interpreter](kmath-ast/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MST.kt) : MST interpreter
+> - [mst-jvm-codegen](kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/asm.kt) : Dynamic MST to JVM bytecode compiler
+> - [mst-js-codegen](kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/estree.kt) : Dynamic MST to JS compiler
+
 <hr/>

 * ### [kmath-commons](kmath-commons)
@ -122,7 +131,7 @@ submit a feature request if you want something to be implemented first.
 * ### [kmath-dimensions](kmath-dimensions)
 > 
 >
-> **Maturity**: EXPERIMENTAL
+> **Maturity**: PROTOTYPE
 <hr/>

 * ### [kmath-ejml](kmath-ejml)
--- a/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/build.gradle.kts
@ -38,3 +38,7 @@ readme {
 apiValidation {
    validationDisabled = true
 }
+
+ksciencePublish {
+    spaceRepo = "https://maven.pkg.jetbrains.space/mipt-npm/p/sci/maven"
+}
--- a/docs/templates/ARTIFACT-TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/docs/templates/ARTIFACT-TEMPLATE.md
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/mipt-npm/kscience' }
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/mipt-npm/dev' }
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/hotkeytlt/maven' }
-
+> 
 > }
 > 
 > dependencies {
--- a/examples/src/benchmarks/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/ExpressionsInterpretersBenchmark.kt
+++ b/examples/src/benchmarks/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/ExpressionsInterpretersBenchmark.kt
@ -4,13 +4,19 @@ import kscience.kmath.asm.compile
 import kscience.kmath.expressions.Expression
 import kscience.kmath.expressions.expressionInField
 import kscience.kmath.expressions.invoke
+import kscience.kmath.expressions.symbol
 import kscience.kmath.operations.Field
 import kscience.kmath.operations.RealField
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State
 import kotlin.random.Random
-import kotlin.system.measureTimeMillis

+@State(Scope.Benchmark)
 internal class ExpressionsInterpretersBenchmark {
    private val algebra: Field<Double> = RealField
+
+    @Benchmark
    fun functionalExpression() {
        val expr = algebra.expressionInField {
            symbol("x") * const(2.0) + const(2.0) / symbol("x") - const(16.0)
@ -19,6 +25,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsInterpretersBenchmark {
        invokeAndSum(expr)
    }

+    @Benchmark
    fun mstExpression() {
        val expr = algebra.mstInField {
            symbol("x") * number(2.0) + number(2.0) / symbol("x") - number(16.0)
@ -27,6 +34,7 @@ internal class ExpressionsInterpretersBenchmark {
        invokeAndSum(expr)
    }

+    @Benchmark
    fun asmExpression() {
        val expr = algebra.mstInField {
            symbol("x") * number(2.0) + number(2.0) / symbol("x") - number(16.0)
@ -35,6 +43,13 @@ internal class ExpressionsInterpretersBenchmark {
        invokeAndSum(expr)
    }

+    @Benchmark
+    fun rawExpression() {
+        val x by symbol
+        val expr = Expression<Double> { args -> args.getValue(x) * 2.0 + 2.0 / args.getValue(x) - 16.0 }
+        invokeAndSum(expr)
+    }
+
    private fun invokeAndSum(expr: Expression<Double>) {
        val random = Random(0)
        var sum = 0.0
@ -46,35 +61,3 @@ internal class ExpressionsInterpretersBenchmark {
        println(sum)
    }
 }
-
-/**
- * This benchmark compares basically evaluation of simple function with MstExpression interpreter, ASM backend and
- * core FunctionalExpressions API.
- *
- * The expected rating is:
- *
- * 1. ASM.
- * 2. MST.
- * 3. FE.
- */
-fun main() {
-    val benchmark = ExpressionsInterpretersBenchmark()
-
-    val fe = measureTimeMillis {
-        benchmark.functionalExpression()
-    }
-
-    println("fe=$fe")
-
-    val mst = measureTimeMillis {
-        benchmark.mstExpression()
-    }
-
-    println("mst=$mst")
-
-    val asm = measureTimeMillis {
-        benchmark.asmExpression()
-    }
-
-    println("asm=$asm")
-}
--- a/examples/src/benchmarks/kotlin/kscience/kmath/benchmarks/ArrayBenchmark.kt
+++ b/examples/src/benchmarks/kotlin/kscience/kmath/benchmarks/ArrayBenchmark.kt
@ -16,17 +16,13 @@ internal class ArrayBenchmark {
    @Benchmark
    fun benchmarkBufferRead() {
        var res = 0
-        for (i in 1..size) res += arrayBuffer.get(
-            size - i
-        )
+        for (i in 1..size) res += arrayBuffer[size - i]
    }

    @Benchmark
    fun nativeBufferRead() {
        var res = 0
-        for (i in 1..size) res += nativeBuffer.get(
-            size - i
-        )
+        for (i in 1..size) res += nativeBuffer[size - i]
    }

    companion object {
--- a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
+++ b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-6.7-bin.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-6.7.1-bin.zip
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
--- a/kmath-ast/README.md
+++ b/kmath-ast/README.md
@ -2,72 +2,85 @@

 This subproject implements the following features:

- Expression Language and its parser.
- MST (Mathematical Syntax Tree) as expression language's syntax intermediate representation.
- Type-safe builder for MST.
- Evaluating expressions by traversing MST.
+ - [expression-language](src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/parser.kt) : Expression language and its parser
+ - [mst](src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MST.kt) : MST (Mathematical Syntax Tree) as expression language's syntax intermediate representation
+ - [mst-building](src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MstAlgebra.kt) : MST building algebraic structure
+ - [mst-interpreter](src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MST.kt) : MST interpreter
+ - [mst-jvm-codegen](src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/asm.kt) : Dynamic MST to JVM bytecode compiler
+ - [mst-js-codegen](src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/estree.kt) : Dynamic MST to JS compiler
+

 > #### Artifact:
-> This module is distributed in the artifact `kscience.kmath:kmath-ast:0.1.4-dev-8`.
-> 
+>
+> This module artifact: `kscience.kmath:kmath-ast:0.2.0-dev-4`.
+>
+> Bintray release version:        [ ![Download](https://api.bintray.com/packages/mipt-npm/kscience/kmath-ast/images/download.svg) ](https://bintray.com/mipt-npm/kscience/kmath-ast/_latestVersion)
+>
+> Bintray development version:    [ ![Download](https://api.bintray.com/packages/mipt-npm/dev/kmath-ast/images/download.svg) ](https://bintray.com/mipt-npm/dev/kmath-ast/_latestVersion)
+>
 > **Gradle:**
 >
 > ```gradle
 > repositories {
+>     maven { url "https://dl.bintray.com/kotlin/kotlin-eap" }
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/mipt-npm/kscience' }
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/mipt-npm/dev' }
->     maven { url https://dl.bintray.com/hotkeytlt/maven' }
+>     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/hotkeytlt/maven' }
+> 
 > }
 > 
 > dependencies {
->     implementation 'kscience.kmath:kmath-ast:0.1.4-dev-8'
+>     implementation 'kscience.kmath:kmath-ast:0.2.0-dev-4'
 > }
 > ```
 > **Gradle Kotlin DSL:**
 >
 > ```kotlin
 > repositories {
+>     maven("https://dl.bintray.com/kotlin/kotlin-eap")
 >     maven("https://dl.bintray.com/mipt-npm/kscience")
 >     maven("https://dl.bintray.com/mipt-npm/dev")
 >     maven("https://dl.bintray.com/hotkeytlt/maven")
 > }
 > 
 > dependencies {
->     implementation("kscience.kmath:kmath-ast:0.1.4-dev-8")
+>     implementation("kscience.kmath:kmath-ast:0.2.0-dev-4")
 > }
 > ```
->

-## Dynamic Expression Code Generation with ObjectWeb ASM
+## Dynamic expression code generation

-`kmath-ast` JVM module supports runtime code generation to eliminate overhead of tree traversal. Code generator builds 
-a special implementation of `Expression<T>` with implemented `invoke` function. 
+### On JVM

-For example, the following builder: 
+`kmath-ast` JVM module supports runtime code generation to eliminate overhead of tree traversal. Code generator builds
+a special implementation of `Expression<T>` with implemented `invoke` function.
+
+For example, the following builder:

 ```kotlin
 RealField.mstInField { symbol("x") + 2 }.compile()
 ``` 

-… leads to generation of bytecode, which can be decompiled to the following Java class: 
+… leads to generation of bytecode, which can be decompiled to the following Java class:

 ```java
 package kscience.kmath.asm.generated;

 import java.util.Map;
+import kotlin.jvm.functions.Function2;
 import kscience.kmath.asm.internal.MapIntrinsics;
 import kscience.kmath.expressions.Expression;
-import kscience.kmath.operations.RealField;
+import kscience.kmath.expressions.Symbol;

-public final class AsmCompiledExpression_1073786867_0 implements Expression<Double> {
-    private final RealField algebra;
+public final class AsmCompiledExpression_45045_0 implements Expression<Double> {
+    private final Object[] constants;

-    public final Double invoke(Map<String, ? extends Double> arguments) {
-        return (Double)this.algebra.add(((Double)MapIntrinsics.getOrFail(arguments, "x")).doubleValue(), 2.0D);
+    public final Double invoke(Map<Symbol, Double> arguments) {
+        return (Double)((Function2)this.constants[0]).invoke((Double)MapIntrinsics.getOrFail(arguments, "x"), 2);
    }

-    public AsmCompiledExpression_1073786867_0(RealField algebra) {
-        this.algebra = algebra;
+    public AsmCompiledExpression_45045_0(Object[] constants) {
+        this.constants = constants;
    }
 }

@ -75,17 +88,35 @@ public final class AsmCompiledExpression_1073786867_0 implements Expression<Doub

 ### Example Usage

-This API extends MST and MstExpression, so you may optimize as both of them: 
+This API extends MST and MstExpression, so you may optimize as both of them:

 ```kotlin
 RealField.mstInField { symbol("x") + 2 }.compile()
 RealField.expression("x+2".parseMath())
 ```

-### Known issues
+#### Known issues

 - The same classes may be generated and loaded twice, so it is recommended to cache compiled expressions to avoid
-class loading overhead. 
+  class loading overhead.
 - This API is not supported by non-dynamic JVM implementations (like TeaVM and GraalVM) because of using class loaders.

-Contributed by [Iaroslav Postovalov](https://github.com/CommanderTvis).
+### On JS
+
+A similar feature is also available on JS.
+
+```kotlin
+RealField.mstInField { symbol("x") + 2 }.compile()
+``` 
+
+The code above returns expression implemented with such a JS function:
+
+```js
+var executable = function (constants, arguments) {
+  return constants[1](constants[0](arguments, "x"), 2);
+};
+```
+
+#### Known issues
+
+- This feature uses `eval` which can be unavailable in several environments.
--- a/kmath-ast/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/kmath-ast/build.gradle.kts
@ -1,7 +1,23 @@
+import ru.mipt.npm.gradle.Maturity
+
 plugins {
    id("ru.mipt.npm.mpp")
 }

+kotlin.js {
+    nodejs {
+        testTask {
+            useMocha().timeout = "0"
+        }
+    }
+
+    browser {
+        testTask {
+            useMocha().timeout = "0"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 kotlin.sourceSets {
    commonMain {
        dependencies {
@ -9,15 +25,58 @@ kotlin.sourceSets {
        }
    }

+    jsMain {
+        dependencies {
+            implementation(npm("astring", "1.4.3"))
+        }
+    }
+
    jvmMain {
        dependencies {
            api("com.github.h0tk3y.betterParse:better-parse:0.4.0")
-            implementation("org.ow2.asm:asm:8.0.1")
-            implementation("org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:8.0.1")
+            implementation("org.ow2.asm:asm:9.0")
+            implementation("org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:9.0")
        }
    }
 }

-readme{
-    maturity = ru.mipt.npm.gradle.Maturity.PROTOTYPE
-}
+readme {
+    maturity = Maturity.PROTOTYPE
+    propertyByTemplate("artifact", rootProject.file("docs/templates/ARTIFACT-TEMPLATE.md"))
+
+    feature(
+        id = "expression-language",
+        description = "Expression language and its parser",
+        ref = "src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/parser.kt"
+    )
+
+    feature(
+        id = "mst",
+        description = "MST (Mathematical Syntax Tree) as expression language's syntax intermediate representation",
+        ref = "src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MST.kt"
+    )
+
+    feature(
+        id = "mst-building",
+        description = "MST building algebraic structure",
+        ref = "src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MstAlgebra.kt"
+    )
+
+    feature(
+        id = "mst-interpreter",
+        description = "MST interpreter",
+        ref = "src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MST.kt"
+    )
+
+    feature(
+        id = "mst-jvm-codegen",
+        description = "Dynamic MST to JVM bytecode compiler",
+        ref = "src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/asm.kt"
+    )
+
+    feature(
+        id = "mst-js-codegen",
+        description = "Dynamic MST to JS compiler",
+        ref = "src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/estree.kt"
+    )
+}
--- a/kmath-ast/docs/README-TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/kmath-ast/docs/README-TEMPLATE.md
@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# Abstract Syntax Tree Expression Representation and Operations (`kmath-ast`)
+
+This subproject implements the following features:
+
+${features}
+
+${artifact}
+
+## Dynamic expression code generation
+
+### On JVM
+
+`kmath-ast` JVM module supports runtime code generation to eliminate overhead of tree traversal. Code generator builds
+a special implementation of `Expression<T>` with implemented `invoke` function.
+
+For example, the following builder:
+
+```kotlin
+RealField.mstInField { symbol("x") + 2 }.compile()
+``` 
+
+… leads to generation of bytecode, which can be decompiled to the following Java class:
+
+```java
+package kscience.kmath.asm.generated;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import kotlin.jvm.functions.Function2;
+import kscience.kmath.asm.internal.MapIntrinsics;
+import kscience.kmath.expressions.Expression;
+import kscience.kmath.expressions.Symbol;
+
+public final class AsmCompiledExpression_45045_0 implements Expression<Double> {
+    private final Object[] constants;
+
+    public final Double invoke(Map<Symbol, Double> arguments) {
+        return (Double)((Function2)this.constants[0]).invoke((Double)MapIntrinsics.getOrFail(arguments, "x"), 2);
+    }
+
+    public AsmCompiledExpression_45045_0(Object[] constants) {
+        this.constants = constants;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Example Usage
+
+This API extends MST and MstExpression, so you may optimize as both of them:
+
+```kotlin
+RealField.mstInField { symbol("x") + 2 }.compile()
+RealField.expression("x+2".parseMath())
+```
+
+#### Known issues
+
+- The same classes may be generated and loaded twice, so it is recommended to cache compiled expressions to avoid
+  class loading overhead.
+- This API is not supported by non-dynamic JVM implementations (like TeaVM and GraalVM) because of using class loaders.
+
+### On JS
+
+A similar feature is also available on JS.
+
+```kotlin
+RealField.mstInField { symbol("x") + 2 }.compile()
+``` 
+
+The code above returns expression implemented with such a JS function:
+
+```js
+var executable = function (constants, arguments) {
+  return constants[1](constants[0](arguments, "x"), 2);
+};
+```
+
+#### Known issues
+
+- This feature uses `eval` which can be unavailable in several environments.
--- a/kmath-ast/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MST.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MST.kt
@ -55,24 +55,24 @@ public sealed class MST {
 public fun <T> Algebra<T>.evaluate(node: MST): T = when (node) {
    is MST.Numeric -> (this as? NumericAlgebra<T>)?.number(node.value)
        ?: error("Numeric nodes are not supported by $this")
+
    is MST.Symbolic -> symbol(node.value)
-    is MST.Unary -> unaryOperation(node.operation, evaluate(node.value))
+    is MST.Unary -> unaryOperationFunction(node.operation)(evaluate(node.value))
+
    is MST.Binary -> when {
-        this !is NumericAlgebra -> binaryOperation(node.operation, evaluate(node.left), evaluate(node.right))
+        this !is NumericAlgebra -> binaryOperationFunction(node.operation)(evaluate(node.left), evaluate(node.right))

        node.left is MST.Numeric && node.right is MST.Numeric -> {
-            val number = RealField.binaryOperation(
-                node.operation,
-                node.left.value.toDouble(),
-                node.right.value.toDouble()
-            )
+            val number = RealField
+                .binaryOperationFunction(node.operation)
+                .invoke(node.left.value.toDouble(), node.right.value.toDouble())

            number(number)
        }

-        node.left is MST.Numeric -> leftSideNumberOperation(node.operation, node.left.value, evaluate(node.right))
-        node.right is MST.Numeric -> rightSideNumberOperation(node.operation, evaluate(node.left), node.right.value)
-        else -> binaryOperation(node.operation, evaluate(node.left), evaluate(node.right))
+        node.left is MST.Numeric -> leftSideNumberOperationFunction(node.operation)(node.left.value, evaluate(node.right))
+        node.right is MST.Numeric -> rightSideNumberOperationFunction(node.operation)(evaluate(node.left), node.right.value)
+        else -> binaryOperationFunction(node.operation)(evaluate(node.left), evaluate(node.right))
    }
 }

--- a/kmath-ast/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MstAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MstAlgebra.kt
@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ public object MstAlgebra : NumericAlgebra<MST> {
    public override fun number(value: Number): MST.Numeric = MST.Numeric(value)
    public override fun symbol(value: String): MST.Symbolic = MST.Symbolic(value)

-    public override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: MST): MST.Unary =
-        MST.Unary(operation, arg)
+    public override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: MST) -> MST.Unary =
+        { arg -> MST.Unary(operation, arg) }

-    public override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: MST, right: MST): MST.Binary =
-        MST.Binary(operation, left, right)
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: MST, right: MST) -> MST.Binary =
+        { left, right -> MST.Binary(operation, left, right) }
 }

 /**
@ -24,16 +24,21 @@ public object MstSpace : Space<MST>, NumericAlgebra<MST> {

    public override fun number(value: Number): MST.Numeric = MstAlgebra.number(value)
    public override fun symbol(value: String): MST.Symbolic = MstAlgebra.symbol(value)
-    public override fun add(a: MST, b: MST): MST.Binary = binaryOperation(SpaceOperations.PLUS_OPERATION, a, b)
+    public override fun add(a: MST, b: MST): MST.Binary = binaryOperationFunction(SpaceOperations.PLUS_OPERATION)(a, b)
+    public override operator fun MST.unaryPlus(): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(SpaceOperations.PLUS_OPERATION)(this)
+    public override operator fun MST.unaryMinus(): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(SpaceOperations.MINUS_OPERATION)(this)
+
+    public override operator fun MST.minus(b: MST): MST.Binary =
+        binaryOperationFunction(SpaceOperations.MINUS_OPERATION)(this, b)

    public override fun multiply(a: MST, k: Number): MST.Binary =
-        binaryOperation(RingOperations.TIMES_OPERATION, a, number(k))
+        binaryOperationFunction(RingOperations.TIMES_OPERATION)(a, number(k))

-    public override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: MST, right: MST): MST.Binary =
-        MstAlgebra.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: MST, right: MST) -> MST.Binary =
+        MstAlgebra.binaryOperationFunction(operation)

-    public override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: MST): MST.Unary =
-        MstAlgebra.unaryOperation(operation, arg)
+    public override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: MST) -> MST.Unary =
+        MstAlgebra.unaryOperationFunction(operation)
 }

 /**
@ -49,12 +54,16 @@ public object MstRing : Ring<MST>, NumericAlgebra<MST> {
    public override fun symbol(value: String): MST.Symbolic = MstSpace.symbol(value)
    public override fun add(a: MST, b: MST): MST.Binary = MstSpace.add(a, b)
    public override fun multiply(a: MST, k: Number): MST.Binary = MstSpace.multiply(a, k)
-    public override fun multiply(a: MST, b: MST): MST.Binary = binaryOperation(RingOperations.TIMES_OPERATION, a, b)
+    public override fun multiply(a: MST, b: MST): MST.Binary = binaryOperationFunction(RingOperations.TIMES_OPERATION)(a, b)
+    public override operator fun MST.unaryPlus(): MST.Unary = MstSpace { +this@unaryPlus }
+    public override operator fun MST.unaryMinus(): MST.Unary = MstSpace { -this@unaryMinus }
+    public override operator fun MST.minus(b: MST): MST.Binary = MstSpace { this@minus - b }

-    public override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: MST, right: MST): MST.Binary =
-        MstSpace.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: MST, right: MST) -> MST.Binary =
+        MstSpace.binaryOperationFunction(operation)

-    public override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: MST): MST.Unary = MstSpace.unaryOperation(operation, arg)
+    public override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: MST) -> MST.Unary =
+        MstAlgebra.unaryOperationFunction(operation)
 }

 /**
@ -72,12 +81,15 @@ public object MstField : Field<MST> {
    public override fun add(a: MST, b: MST): MST.Binary = MstRing.add(a, b)
    public override fun multiply(a: MST, k: Number): MST.Binary = MstRing.multiply(a, k)
    public override fun multiply(a: MST, b: MST): MST.Binary = MstRing.multiply(a, b)
-    public override fun divide(a: MST, b: MST): MST.Binary = binaryOperation(FieldOperations.DIV_OPERATION, a, b)
+    public override fun divide(a: MST, b: MST): MST.Binary = binaryOperationFunction(FieldOperations.DIV_OPERATION)(a, b)
+    public override operator fun MST.unaryPlus(): MST.Unary = MstRing { +this@unaryPlus }
+    public override operator fun MST.unaryMinus(): MST.Unary = MstRing { -this@unaryMinus }
+    public override operator fun MST.minus(b: MST): MST.Binary = MstRing { this@minus - b }

-    public override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: MST, right: MST): MST.Binary =
-        MstRing.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: MST, right: MST) -> MST.Binary =
+        MstRing.binaryOperationFunction(operation)

-    public override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: MST): MST.Unary = MstRing.unaryOperation(operation, arg)
+    public override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: MST) -> MST.Unary = MstRing.unaryOperationFunction(operation)
 }

 /**
@ -91,32 +103,34 @@ public object MstExtendedField : ExtendedField<MST> {
        get() = MstField.one

    public override fun symbol(value: String): MST.Symbolic = MstField.symbol(value)
-    public override fun number(value: Number): MST.Numeric = MstField.number(value)
-    public override fun sin(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(TrigonometricOperations.SIN_OPERATION, arg)
-    public override fun cos(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(TrigonometricOperations.COS_OPERATION, arg)
-    public override fun tan(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(TrigonometricOperations.TAN_OPERATION, arg)
-    public override fun asin(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(TrigonometricOperations.ASIN_OPERATION, arg)
-    public override fun acos(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(TrigonometricOperations.ACOS_OPERATION, arg)
-    public override fun atan(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(TrigonometricOperations.ATAN_OPERATION, arg)
-    public override fun sinh(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(HyperbolicOperations.SINH_OPERATION, arg)
-    public override fun cosh(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(HyperbolicOperations.COSH_OPERATION, arg)
-    public override fun tanh(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(HyperbolicOperations.TANH_OPERATION, arg)
-    public override fun asinh(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(HyperbolicOperations.ASINH_OPERATION, arg)
-    public override fun acosh(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(HyperbolicOperations.ACOSH_OPERATION, arg)
-    public override fun atanh(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(HyperbolicOperations.ATANH_OPERATION, arg)
+    public override fun sin(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(TrigonometricOperations.SIN_OPERATION)(arg)
+    public override fun cos(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(TrigonometricOperations.COS_OPERATION)(arg)
+    public override fun tan(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(TrigonometricOperations.TAN_OPERATION)(arg)
+    public override fun asin(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(TrigonometricOperations.ASIN_OPERATION)(arg)
+    public override fun acos(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(TrigonometricOperations.ACOS_OPERATION)(arg)
+    public override fun atan(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(TrigonometricOperations.ATAN_OPERATION)(arg)
+    public override fun sinh(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(HyperbolicOperations.SINH_OPERATION)(arg)
+    public override fun cosh(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(HyperbolicOperations.COSH_OPERATION)(arg)
+    public override fun tanh(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(HyperbolicOperations.TANH_OPERATION)(arg)
+    public override fun asinh(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(HyperbolicOperations.ASINH_OPERATION)(arg)
+    public override fun acosh(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(HyperbolicOperations.ACOSH_OPERATION)(arg)
+    public override fun atanh(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(HyperbolicOperations.ATANH_OPERATION)(arg)
    public override fun add(a: MST, b: MST): MST.Binary = MstField.add(a, b)
    public override fun multiply(a: MST, k: Number): MST.Binary = MstField.multiply(a, k)
    public override fun multiply(a: MST, b: MST): MST.Binary = MstField.multiply(a, b)
    public override fun divide(a: MST, b: MST): MST.Binary = MstField.divide(a, b)
+    public override operator fun MST.unaryPlus(): MST.Unary = MstField { +this@unaryPlus }
+    public override operator fun MST.unaryMinus(): MST.Unary = MstField { -this@unaryMinus }
+    public override operator fun MST.minus(b: MST): MST.Binary = MstField { this@minus - b }

    public override fun power(arg: MST, pow: Number): MST.Binary =
-        binaryOperation(PowerOperations.POW_OPERATION, arg, number(pow))
+        binaryOperationFunction(PowerOperations.POW_OPERATION)(arg, number(pow))

-    public override fun exp(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(ExponentialOperations.EXP_OPERATION, arg)
-    public override fun ln(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperation(ExponentialOperations.LN_OPERATION, arg)
+    public override fun exp(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(ExponentialOperations.EXP_OPERATION)(arg)
+    public override fun ln(arg: MST): MST.Unary = unaryOperationFunction(ExponentialOperations.LN_OPERATION)(arg)

-    public override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: MST, right: MST): MST.Binary =
-        MstField.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: MST, right: MST) -> MST.Binary =
+        MstField.binaryOperationFunction(operation)

-    public override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: MST): MST.Unary = MstField.unaryOperation(operation, arg)
+    public override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: MST) -> MST.Unary = MstField.unaryOperationFunction(operation)
 }
--- a/kmath-ast/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MstExpression.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/MstExpression.kt
@ -15,11 +15,14 @@ import kotlin.contracts.contract
 */
 public class MstExpression<T, out A : Algebra<T>>(public val algebra: A, public val mst: MST) : Expression<T> {
    private inner class InnerAlgebra(val arguments: Map<Symbol, T>) : NumericAlgebra<T> {
-        override fun symbol(value: String): T = arguments[StringSymbol(value)] ?: algebra.symbol(value)
-        override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: T): T = algebra.unaryOperation(operation, arg)
+        override fun symbol(value: String): T = try {
+            algebra.symbol(value)
+        } catch (ignored: IllegalStateException) {
+            null
+        } ?: arguments.getValue(StringSymbol(value))

-        override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: T, right: T): T =
-            algebra.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
+        override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: T) -> T = algebra.unaryOperationFunction(operation)
+        override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: T, right: T) -> T = algebra.binaryOperationFunction(operation)

        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
        override fun number(value: Number): T = if (algebra is NumericAlgebra<*>)
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/estree.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/estree.kt
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package kscience.kmath.estree
+
+import kscience.kmath.ast.MST
+import kscience.kmath.ast.MstExpression
+import kscience.kmath.estree.internal.ESTreeBuilder
+import kscience.kmath.estree.internal.estree.BaseExpression
+import kscience.kmath.expressions.Expression
+import kscience.kmath.operations.Algebra
+import kscience.kmath.operations.NumericAlgebra
+import kscience.kmath.operations.RealField
+
+@PublishedApi
+internal fun <T> MST.compileWith(algebra: Algebra<T>): Expression<T> {
+    fun ESTreeBuilder<T>.visit(node: MST): BaseExpression = when (node) {
+        is MST.Symbolic -> {
+            val symbol = try {
+                algebra.symbol(node.value)
+            } catch (ignored: IllegalStateException) {
+                null
+            }
+
+            if (symbol != null)
+                constant(symbol)
+            else
+                variable(node.value)
+        }
+
+        is MST.Numeric -> constant(node.value)
+        is MST.Unary -> call(algebra.unaryOperationFunction(node.operation), visit(node.value))
+
+        is MST.Binary -> when {
+            algebra is NumericAlgebra<T> && node.left is MST.Numeric && node.right is MST.Numeric -> constant(
+                algebra.number(
+                    RealField
+                        .binaryOperationFunction(node.operation)
+                        .invoke(node.left.value.toDouble(), node.right.value.toDouble())
+                )
+            )
+
+            algebra is NumericAlgebra<T> && node.left is MST.Numeric -> call(
+                algebra.leftSideNumberOperationFunction(node.operation),
+                visit(node.left),
+                visit(node.right),
+            )
+
+            algebra is NumericAlgebra<T> && node.right is MST.Numeric -> call(
+                algebra.rightSideNumberOperationFunction(node.operation),
+                visit(node.left),
+                visit(node.right),
+            )
+
+            else -> call(
+                algebra.binaryOperationFunction(node.operation),
+                visit(node.left),
+                visit(node.right),
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ESTreeBuilder<T> { visit(this@compileWith) }.instance
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Compiles an [MST] to ESTree generated expression using given algebra.
+ *
+ * @author Alexander Nozik.
+ */
+public fun <T : Any> Algebra<T>.expression(mst: MST): Expression<T> =
+    mst.compileWith(this)
+
+/**
+ * Optimizes performance of an [MstExpression] by compiling it into ESTree generated expression.
+ *
+ * @author Alexander Nozik.
+ */
+public fun <T : Any> MstExpression<T, Algebra<T>>.compile(): Expression<T> =
+    mst.compileWith(algebra)
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/ESTreeBuilder.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/ESTreeBuilder.kt
@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package kscience.kmath.estree.internal
+
+import kscience.kmath.estree.internal.astring.generate
+import kscience.kmath.estree.internal.estree.*
+import kscience.kmath.expressions.Expression
+import kscience.kmath.expressions.Symbol
+
+internal class ESTreeBuilder<T>(val bodyCallback: ESTreeBuilder<T>.() -> BaseExpression) {
+    private class GeneratedExpression<T>(val executable: dynamic, val constants: Array<dynamic>) : Expression<T> {
+        @Suppress("UNUSED_VARIABLE")
+        override fun invoke(arguments: Map<Symbol, T>): T {
+            val e = executable
+            val c = constants
+            val a = js("{}")
+            arguments.forEach { (key, value) -> a[key.identity] = value }
+            return js("e(c, a)").unsafeCast<T>()
+        }
+    }
+
+    val instance: Expression<T> by lazy {
+        val node = Program(
+            sourceType = "script",
+            VariableDeclaration(
+                kind = "var",
+                VariableDeclarator(
+                    id = Identifier("executable"),
+                    init = FunctionExpression(
+                        params = arrayOf(Identifier("constants"), Identifier("arguments")),
+                        body = BlockStatement(ReturnStatement(bodyCallback())),
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ),
+        )
+
+        eval(generate(node))
+        GeneratedExpression(js("executable"), constants.toTypedArray())
+    }
+
+    private val constants = mutableListOf<Any>()
+
+    fun constant(value: Any?) = when {
+        value == null || jsTypeOf(value) == "number" || jsTypeOf(value) == "string" || jsTypeOf(value) == "boolean" ->
+            SimpleLiteral(value)
+
+        jsTypeOf(value) == "undefined" -> Identifier("undefined")
+
+        else -> {
+            val idx = if (value in constants) constants.indexOf(value) else constants.also { it += value }.lastIndex
+
+            MemberExpression(
+                computed = true,
+                optional = false,
+                `object` = Identifier("constants"),
+                property = SimpleLiteral(idx),
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun variable(name: String): BaseExpression = call(getOrFail, Identifier("arguments"), SimpleLiteral(name))
+
+    fun call(function: Function<T>, vararg args: BaseExpression): BaseExpression = SimpleCallExpression(
+        optional = false,
+        callee = constant(function),
+        *args,
+    )
+
+    private companion object {
+        @Suppress("UNUSED_VARIABLE")
+        val getOrFail: (`object`: dynamic, key: String) -> dynamic = { `object`, key ->
+            val k = key
+            val o = `object`
+
+            if (!(js("k in o") as Boolean))
+                throw NoSuchElementException("Key $key is missing in the map.")
+
+            js("o[k]")
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/astring/astring.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/astring/astring.kt
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+@file:JsModule("astring")
+@file:JsNonModule
+
+package kscience.kmath.estree.internal.astring
+
+import kscience.kmath.estree.internal.estree.BaseNode
+
+internal external interface Options {
+    var indent: String?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var lineEnd: String?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var startingIndentLevel: Number?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var comments: Boolean?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var generator: Any?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var sourceMap: Any?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external fun generate(node: BaseNode, options: Options /* Options & `T$0` */ = definedExternally): String
+
+internal external fun generate(node: BaseNode): String
+
+internal external var baseGenerator: Generator
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/astring/astring.typealises.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/astring/astring.typealises.kt
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package kscience.kmath.estree.internal.astring
+
+internal typealias Generator = Any
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/emitter/emitter.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/emitter/emitter.kt
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package kscience.kmath.estree.internal.emitter
+
+internal open external class Emitter {
+    constructor(obj: Any)
+    constructor()
+
+    open fun on(event: String, fn: () -> Unit)
+    open fun off(event: String, fn: () -> Unit)
+    open fun once(event: String, fn: () -> Unit)
+    open fun emit(event: String, vararg any: Any)
+    open fun listeners(event: String): Array<() -> Unit>
+    open fun hasListeners(event: String): Boolean
+}
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/estree/estree.extensions.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/estree/estree.extensions.kt
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package kscience.kmath.estree.internal.estree
+
+internal fun Program(sourceType: String, vararg body: dynamic) = object : Program {
+    override var type = "Program"
+    override var sourceType = sourceType
+    override var body = body
+}
+
+internal fun VariableDeclaration(kind: String, vararg declarations: VariableDeclarator) = object : VariableDeclaration {
+    override var type = "VariableDeclaration"
+    override var declarations = declarations.toList().toTypedArray()
+    override var kind = kind
+}
+
+internal fun VariableDeclarator(id: dynamic, init: dynamic) = object : VariableDeclarator {
+    override var type = "VariableDeclarator"
+    override var id = id
+    override var init = init
+}
+
+internal fun Identifier(name: String) = object : Identifier {
+    override var type = "Identifier"
+    override var name = name
+}
+
+internal fun FunctionExpression(params: Array<dynamic>, body: BlockStatement) = object : FunctionExpression {
+    override var params = params
+    override var type = "FunctionExpression"
+    override var body = body
+}
+
+internal fun BlockStatement(vararg body: dynamic) = object : BlockStatement {
+    override var type = "BlockStatement"
+    override var body = body
+}
+
+internal fun ReturnStatement(argument: dynamic) = object : ReturnStatement {
+    override var type = "ReturnStatement"
+    override var argument = argument
+}
+
+internal fun SimpleLiteral(value: dynamic) = object : SimpleLiteral {
+    override var type = "Literal"
+    override var value = value
+}
+
+internal fun MemberExpression(computed: Boolean, optional: Boolean, `object`: dynamic, property: dynamic) =
+    object : MemberExpression {
+        override var type = "MemberExpression"
+        override var computed = computed
+        override var optional = optional
+        override var `object` = `object`
+        override var property = property
+    }
+
+internal fun SimpleCallExpression(optional: Boolean, callee: dynamic, vararg arguments: dynamic) =
+    object : SimpleCallExpression {
+        override var type = "CallExpression"
+        override var optional = optional
+        override var callee = callee
+        override var arguments = arguments
+    }
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/estree/estree.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/estree/estree.kt
@ -0,0 +1,644 @@
+package kscience.kmath.estree.internal.estree
+
+import kotlin.js.RegExp
+
+internal external interface BaseNodeWithoutComments {
+    var type: String
+    var loc: SourceLocation?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var range: dynamic /* JsTuple<Number, Number> */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface BaseNode : BaseNodeWithoutComments {
+    var leadingComments: Array<Comment>?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var trailingComments: Array<Comment>?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface Comment : BaseNodeWithoutComments {
+    override var type: String /* "Line" | "Block" */
+    var value: String
+}
+
+internal external interface SourceLocation {
+    var source: String?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var start: Position
+    var end: Position
+}
+
+internal external interface Position {
+    var line: Number
+    var column: Number
+}
+
+internal external interface Program : BaseNode {
+    override var type: String /* "Program" */
+    var sourceType: String /* "script" | "module" */
+    var body: Array<dynamic /* Directive | ExpressionStatement | BlockStatement | EmptyStatement | DebuggerStatement | WithStatement | ReturnStatement | LabeledStatement | BreakStatement | ContinueStatement | IfStatement | SwitchStatement | ThrowStatement | TryStatement | WhileStatement | DoWhileStatement | ForStatement | ForInStatement | ForOfStatement | FunctionDeclaration | VariableDeclaration | ClassDeclaration | ImportDeclaration | ExportNamedDeclaration | ExportDefaultDeclaration | ExportAllDeclaration */>
+    var comments: Array<Comment>?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface Directive : BaseNode {
+    override var type: String /* "ExpressionStatement" */
+    var expression: dynamic /* SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var directive: String
+}
+
+internal external interface BaseFunction : BaseNode {
+    var params: Array<dynamic /* Identifier | ObjectPattern | ArrayPattern | RestElement | AssignmentPattern | MemberExpression */>
+    var generator: Boolean?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var async: Boolean?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var body: dynamic /* BlockStatement | ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface BaseStatement : BaseNode
+
+internal external interface EmptyStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "EmptyStatement" */
+}
+
+internal external interface BlockStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "BlockStatement" */
+    var body: Array<dynamic /* ExpressionStatement | BlockStatement | EmptyStatement | DebuggerStatement | WithStatement | ReturnStatement | LabeledStatement | BreakStatement | ContinueStatement | IfStatement | SwitchStatement | ThrowStatement | TryStatement | WhileStatement | DoWhileStatement | ForStatement | ForInStatement | ForOfStatement | FunctionDeclaration | VariableDeclaration | ClassDeclaration */>
+    var innerComments: Array<Comment>?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ExpressionStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "ExpressionStatement" */
+    var expression: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface IfStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "IfStatement" */
+    var test: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var consequent: dynamic /* ExpressionStatement | BlockStatement | EmptyStatement | DebuggerStatement | WithStatement | ReturnStatement | LabeledStatement | BreakStatement | ContinueStatement | IfStatement | SwitchStatement | ThrowStatement | TryStatement | WhileStatement | DoWhileStatement | ForStatement | ForInStatement | ForOfStatement | FunctionDeclaration | VariableDeclaration | ClassDeclaration */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var alternate: dynamic /* ExpressionStatement? | BlockStatement? | EmptyStatement? | DebuggerStatement? | WithStatement? | ReturnStatement? | LabeledStatement? | BreakStatement? | ContinueStatement? | IfStatement? | SwitchStatement? | ThrowStatement? | TryStatement? | WhileStatement? | DoWhileStatement? | ForStatement? | ForInStatement? | ForOfStatement? | FunctionDeclaration? | VariableDeclaration? | ClassDeclaration? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface LabeledStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "LabeledStatement" */
+    var label: Identifier
+    var body: dynamic /* ExpressionStatement | BlockStatement | EmptyStatement | DebuggerStatement | WithStatement | ReturnStatement | LabeledStatement | BreakStatement | ContinueStatement | IfStatement | SwitchStatement | ThrowStatement | TryStatement | WhileStatement | DoWhileStatement | ForStatement | ForInStatement | ForOfStatement | FunctionDeclaration | VariableDeclaration | ClassDeclaration */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface BreakStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "BreakStatement" */
+    var label: Identifier?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ContinueStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "ContinueStatement" */
+    var label: Identifier?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface WithStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "WithStatement" */
+    var `object`: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var body: dynamic /* ExpressionStatement | BlockStatement | EmptyStatement | DebuggerStatement | WithStatement | ReturnStatement | LabeledStatement | BreakStatement | ContinueStatement | IfStatement | SwitchStatement | ThrowStatement | TryStatement | WhileStatement | DoWhileStatement | ForStatement | ForInStatement | ForOfStatement | FunctionDeclaration | VariableDeclaration | ClassDeclaration */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface SwitchStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "SwitchStatement" */
+    var discriminant: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var cases: Array<SwitchCase>
+}
+
+internal external interface ReturnStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "ReturnStatement" */
+    var argument: dynamic /* ThisExpression? | ArrayExpression? | ObjectExpression? | FunctionExpression? | ArrowFunctionExpression? | YieldExpression? | SimpleLiteral? | RegExpLiteral? | UnaryExpression? | UpdateExpression? | BinaryExpression? | AssignmentExpression? | LogicalExpression? | MemberExpression? | ConditionalExpression? | SimpleCallExpression? | NewExpression? | SequenceExpression? | TemplateLiteral? | TaggedTemplateExpression? | ClassExpression? | MetaProperty? | Identifier? | AwaitExpression? | ImportExpression? | ChainExpression? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ThrowStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "ThrowStatement" */
+    var argument: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface TryStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "TryStatement" */
+    var block: BlockStatement
+    var handler: CatchClause?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var finalizer: BlockStatement?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface WhileStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "WhileStatement" */
+    var test: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var body: dynamic /* ExpressionStatement | BlockStatement | EmptyStatement | DebuggerStatement | WithStatement | ReturnStatement | LabeledStatement | BreakStatement | ContinueStatement | IfStatement | SwitchStatement | ThrowStatement | TryStatement | WhileStatement | DoWhileStatement | ForStatement | ForInStatement | ForOfStatement | FunctionDeclaration | VariableDeclaration | ClassDeclaration */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface DoWhileStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "DoWhileStatement" */
+    var body: dynamic /* ExpressionStatement | BlockStatement | EmptyStatement | DebuggerStatement | WithStatement | ReturnStatement | LabeledStatement | BreakStatement | ContinueStatement | IfStatement | SwitchStatement | ThrowStatement | TryStatement | WhileStatement | DoWhileStatement | ForStatement | ForInStatement | ForOfStatement | FunctionDeclaration | VariableDeclaration | ClassDeclaration */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var test: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ForStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "ForStatement" */
+    var init: dynamic /* VariableDeclaration? | ThisExpression? | ArrayExpression? | ObjectExpression? | FunctionExpression? | ArrowFunctionExpression? | YieldExpression? | SimpleLiteral? | RegExpLiteral? | UnaryExpression? | UpdateExpression? | BinaryExpression? | AssignmentExpression? | LogicalExpression? | MemberExpression? | ConditionalExpression? | SimpleCallExpression? | NewExpression? | SequenceExpression? | TemplateLiteral? | TaggedTemplateExpression? | ClassExpression? | MetaProperty? | Identifier? | AwaitExpression? | ImportExpression? | ChainExpression? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var test: dynamic /* ThisExpression? | ArrayExpression? | ObjectExpression? | FunctionExpression? | ArrowFunctionExpression? | YieldExpression? | SimpleLiteral? | RegExpLiteral? | UnaryExpression? | UpdateExpression? | BinaryExpression? | AssignmentExpression? | LogicalExpression? | MemberExpression? | ConditionalExpression? | SimpleCallExpression? | NewExpression? | SequenceExpression? | TemplateLiteral? | TaggedTemplateExpression? | ClassExpression? | MetaProperty? | Identifier? | AwaitExpression? | ImportExpression? | ChainExpression? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var update: dynamic /* ThisExpression? | ArrayExpression? | ObjectExpression? | FunctionExpression? | ArrowFunctionExpression? | YieldExpression? | SimpleLiteral? | RegExpLiteral? | UnaryExpression? | UpdateExpression? | BinaryExpression? | AssignmentExpression? | LogicalExpression? | MemberExpression? | ConditionalExpression? | SimpleCallExpression? | NewExpression? | SequenceExpression? | TemplateLiteral? | TaggedTemplateExpression? | ClassExpression? | MetaProperty? | Identifier? | AwaitExpression? | ImportExpression? | ChainExpression? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var body: dynamic /* ExpressionStatement | BlockStatement | EmptyStatement | DebuggerStatement | WithStatement | ReturnStatement | LabeledStatement | BreakStatement | ContinueStatement | IfStatement | SwitchStatement | ThrowStatement | TryStatement | WhileStatement | DoWhileStatement | ForStatement | ForInStatement | ForOfStatement | FunctionDeclaration | VariableDeclaration | ClassDeclaration */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface BaseForXStatement : BaseStatement {
+    var left: dynamic /* VariableDeclaration | Identifier | ObjectPattern | ArrayPattern | RestElement | AssignmentPattern | MemberExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var right: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var body: dynamic /* ExpressionStatement | BlockStatement | EmptyStatement | DebuggerStatement | WithStatement | ReturnStatement | LabeledStatement | BreakStatement | ContinueStatement | IfStatement | SwitchStatement | ThrowStatement | TryStatement | WhileStatement | DoWhileStatement | ForStatement | ForInStatement | ForOfStatement | FunctionDeclaration | VariableDeclaration | ClassDeclaration */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ForInStatement : BaseForXStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "ForInStatement" */
+}
+
+internal external interface DebuggerStatement : BaseStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "DebuggerStatement" */
+}
+
+internal external interface BaseDeclaration : BaseStatement
+
+internal external interface FunctionDeclaration : BaseFunction, BaseDeclaration {
+    override var type: String /* "FunctionDeclaration" */
+    var id: Identifier?
+    override var body: BlockStatement
+}
+
+internal external interface VariableDeclaration : BaseDeclaration {
+    override var type: String /* "VariableDeclaration" */
+    var declarations: Array<VariableDeclarator>
+    var kind: String /* "var" | "let" | "const" */
+}
+
+internal external interface VariableDeclarator : BaseNode {
+    override var type: String /* "VariableDeclarator" */
+    var id: dynamic /* Identifier | ObjectPattern | ArrayPattern | RestElement | AssignmentPattern | MemberExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var init: dynamic /* ThisExpression? | ArrayExpression? | ObjectExpression? | FunctionExpression? | ArrowFunctionExpression? | YieldExpression? | SimpleLiteral? | RegExpLiteral? | UnaryExpression? | UpdateExpression? | BinaryExpression? | AssignmentExpression? | LogicalExpression? | MemberExpression? | ConditionalExpression? | SimpleCallExpression? | NewExpression? | SequenceExpression? | TemplateLiteral? | TaggedTemplateExpression? | ClassExpression? | MetaProperty? | Identifier? | AwaitExpression? | ImportExpression? | ChainExpression? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface BaseExpression : BaseNode
+
+internal external interface ChainExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "ChainExpression" */
+    var expression: dynamic /* SimpleCallExpression | MemberExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ThisExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "ThisExpression" */
+}
+
+internal external interface ArrayExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "ArrayExpression" */
+    var elements: Array<dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression | SpreadElement */>
+}
+
+internal external interface ObjectExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "ObjectExpression" */
+    var properties: Array<dynamic /* Property | SpreadElement */>
+}
+
+internal external interface Property : BaseNode {
+    override var type: String /* "Property" */
+    var key: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var value: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression | ObjectPattern | ArrayPattern | RestElement | AssignmentPattern */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var kind: String /* "init" | "get" | "set" */
+    var method: Boolean
+    var shorthand: Boolean
+    var computed: Boolean
+}
+
+internal external interface FunctionExpression : BaseFunction, BaseExpression {
+    var id: Identifier?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    override var type: String /* "FunctionExpression" */
+    override var body: BlockStatement
+}
+
+internal external interface SequenceExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "SequenceExpression" */
+    var expressions: Array<dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */>
+}
+
+internal external interface UnaryExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "UnaryExpression" */
+    var operator: String /* "-" | "+" | "!" | "~" | "typeof" | "void" | "delete" */
+    var prefix: Boolean
+    var argument: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface BinaryExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "BinaryExpression" */
+    var operator: String /* "==" | "!=" | "===" | "!==" | "<" | "<=" | ">" | ">=" | "<<" | ">>" | ">>>" | "+" | "-" | "*" | "/" | "%" | "**" | "|" | "^" | "&" | "in" | "instanceof" */
+    var left: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var right: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface AssignmentExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "AssignmentExpression" */
+    var operator: String /* "=" | "+=" | "-=" | "*=" | "/=" | "%=" | "**=" | "<<=" | ">>=" | ">>>=" | "|=" | "^=" | "&=" */
+    var left: dynamic /* Identifier | ObjectPattern | ArrayPattern | RestElement | AssignmentPattern | MemberExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var right: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface UpdateExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "UpdateExpression" */
+    var operator: String /* "++" | "--" */
+    var argument: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var prefix: Boolean
+}
+
+internal external interface LogicalExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "LogicalExpression" */
+    var operator: String /* "||" | "&&" | "??" */
+    var left: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var right: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ConditionalExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "ConditionalExpression" */
+    var test: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var alternate: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var consequent: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface BaseCallExpression : BaseExpression {
+    var callee: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression | Super */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var arguments: Array<dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression | SpreadElement */>
+}
+
+internal external interface SimpleCallExpression : BaseCallExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "CallExpression" */
+    var optional: Boolean
+}
+
+internal external interface NewExpression : BaseCallExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "NewExpression" */
+}
+
+internal external interface MemberExpression : BaseExpression, BasePattern {
+    override var type: String /* "MemberExpression" */
+    var `object`: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression | Super */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var property: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var computed: Boolean
+    var optional: Boolean
+}
+
+internal external interface BasePattern : BaseNode
+
+internal external interface SwitchCase : BaseNode {
+    override var type: String /* "SwitchCase" */
+    var test: dynamic /* ThisExpression? | ArrayExpression? | ObjectExpression? | FunctionExpression? | ArrowFunctionExpression? | YieldExpression? | SimpleLiteral? | RegExpLiteral? | UnaryExpression? | UpdateExpression? | BinaryExpression? | AssignmentExpression? | LogicalExpression? | MemberExpression? | ConditionalExpression? | SimpleCallExpression? | NewExpression? | SequenceExpression? | TemplateLiteral? | TaggedTemplateExpression? | ClassExpression? | MetaProperty? | Identifier? | AwaitExpression? | ImportExpression? | ChainExpression? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var consequent: Array<dynamic /* ExpressionStatement | BlockStatement | EmptyStatement | DebuggerStatement | WithStatement | ReturnStatement | LabeledStatement | BreakStatement | ContinueStatement | IfStatement | SwitchStatement | ThrowStatement | TryStatement | WhileStatement | DoWhileStatement | ForStatement | ForInStatement | ForOfStatement | FunctionDeclaration | VariableDeclaration | ClassDeclaration */>
+}
+
+internal external interface CatchClause : BaseNode {
+    override var type: String /* "CatchClause" */
+    var param: dynamic /* Identifier? | ObjectPattern? | ArrayPattern? | RestElement? | AssignmentPattern? | MemberExpression? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var body: BlockStatement
+}
+
+internal external interface Identifier : BaseNode, BaseExpression, BasePattern {
+    override var type: String /* "Identifier" */
+    var name: String
+}
+
+internal external interface SimpleLiteral : BaseNode, BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "Literal" */
+    var value: dynamic /* String? | Boolean? | Number? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var raw: String?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface `T$1` {
+    var pattern: String
+    var flags: String
+}
+
+internal external interface RegExpLiteral : BaseNode, BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "Literal" */
+    var value: RegExp?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var regex: `T$1`
+    var raw: String?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ForOfStatement : BaseForXStatement {
+    override var type: String /* "ForOfStatement" */
+    var await: Boolean
+}
+
+internal external interface Super : BaseNode {
+    override var type: String /* "Super" */
+}
+
+internal external interface SpreadElement : BaseNode {
+    override var type: String /* "SpreadElement" */
+    var argument: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ArrowFunctionExpression : BaseExpression, BaseFunction {
+    override var type: String /* "ArrowFunctionExpression" */
+    var expression: Boolean
+    override var body: dynamic /* BlockStatement | ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface YieldExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "YieldExpression" */
+    var argument: dynamic /* ThisExpression? | ArrayExpression? | ObjectExpression? | FunctionExpression? | ArrowFunctionExpression? | YieldExpression? | SimpleLiteral? | RegExpLiteral? | UnaryExpression? | UpdateExpression? | BinaryExpression? | AssignmentExpression? | LogicalExpression? | MemberExpression? | ConditionalExpression? | SimpleCallExpression? | NewExpression? | SequenceExpression? | TemplateLiteral? | TaggedTemplateExpression? | ClassExpression? | MetaProperty? | Identifier? | AwaitExpression? | ImportExpression? | ChainExpression? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var delegate: Boolean
+}
+
+internal external interface TemplateLiteral : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "TemplateLiteral" */
+    var quasis: Array<TemplateElement>
+    var expressions: Array<dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */>
+}
+
+internal external interface TaggedTemplateExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "TaggedTemplateExpression" */
+    var tag: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var quasi: TemplateLiteral
+}
+
+internal external interface `T$2` {
+    var cooked: String
+    var raw: String
+}
+
+internal external interface TemplateElement : BaseNode {
+    override var type: String /* "TemplateElement" */
+    var tail: Boolean
+    var value: `T$2`
+}
+
+internal external interface AssignmentProperty : Property {
+    override var value: dynamic /* Identifier | ObjectPattern | ArrayPattern | RestElement | AssignmentPattern | MemberExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    override var kind: String /* "init" */
+    override var method: Boolean
+}
+
+internal external interface ObjectPattern : BasePattern {
+    override var type: String /* "ObjectPattern" */
+    var properties: Array<dynamic /* AssignmentProperty | RestElement */>
+}
+
+internal external interface ArrayPattern : BasePattern {
+    override var type: String /* "ArrayPattern" */
+    var elements: Array<dynamic /* Identifier | ObjectPattern | ArrayPattern | RestElement | AssignmentPattern | MemberExpression */>
+}
+
+internal external interface RestElement : BasePattern {
+    override var type: String /* "RestElement" */
+    var argument: dynamic /* Identifier | ObjectPattern | ArrayPattern | RestElement | AssignmentPattern | MemberExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface AssignmentPattern : BasePattern {
+    override var type: String /* "AssignmentPattern" */
+    var left: dynamic /* Identifier | ObjectPattern | ArrayPattern | RestElement | AssignmentPattern | MemberExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var right: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface BaseClass : BaseNode {
+    var superClass: dynamic /* ThisExpression? | ArrayExpression? | ObjectExpression? | FunctionExpression? | ArrowFunctionExpression? | YieldExpression? | SimpleLiteral? | RegExpLiteral? | UnaryExpression? | UpdateExpression? | BinaryExpression? | AssignmentExpression? | LogicalExpression? | MemberExpression? | ConditionalExpression? | SimpleCallExpression? | NewExpression? | SequenceExpression? | TemplateLiteral? | TaggedTemplateExpression? | ClassExpression? | MetaProperty? | Identifier? | AwaitExpression? | ImportExpression? | ChainExpression? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var body: ClassBody
+}
+
+internal external interface ClassBody : BaseNode {
+    override var type: String /* "ClassBody" */
+    var body: Array<MethodDefinition>
+}
+
+internal external interface MethodDefinition : BaseNode {
+    override var type: String /* "MethodDefinition" */
+    var key: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var value: FunctionExpression
+    var kind: String /* "constructor" | "method" | "get" | "set" */
+    var computed: Boolean
+    var static: Boolean
+}
+
+internal external interface ClassDeclaration : BaseClass, BaseDeclaration {
+    override var type: String /* "ClassDeclaration" */
+    var id: Identifier?
+}
+
+internal external interface ClassExpression : BaseClass, BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "ClassExpression" */
+    var id: Identifier?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface MetaProperty : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "MetaProperty" */
+    var meta: Identifier
+    var property: Identifier
+}
+
+internal external interface BaseModuleDeclaration : BaseNode
+
+internal external interface BaseModuleSpecifier : BaseNode {
+    var local: Identifier
+}
+
+internal external interface ImportDeclaration : BaseModuleDeclaration {
+    override var type: String /* "ImportDeclaration" */
+    var specifiers: Array<dynamic /* ImportSpecifier | ImportDefaultSpecifier | ImportNamespaceSpecifier */>
+    var source: dynamic /* SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ImportSpecifier : BaseModuleSpecifier {
+    override var type: String /* "ImportSpecifier" */
+    var imported: Identifier
+}
+
+internal external interface ImportExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "ImportExpression" */
+    var source: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ImportDefaultSpecifier : BaseModuleSpecifier {
+    override var type: String /* "ImportDefaultSpecifier" */
+}
+
+internal external interface ImportNamespaceSpecifier : BaseModuleSpecifier {
+    override var type: String /* "ImportNamespaceSpecifier" */
+}
+
+internal external interface ExportNamedDeclaration : BaseModuleDeclaration {
+    override var type: String /* "ExportNamedDeclaration" */
+    var declaration: dynamic /* FunctionDeclaration? | VariableDeclaration? | ClassDeclaration? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var specifiers: Array<ExportSpecifier>
+    var source: dynamic /* SimpleLiteral? | RegExpLiteral? */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ExportSpecifier : BaseModuleSpecifier {
+    override var type: String /* "ExportSpecifier" */
+    var exported: Identifier
+}
+
+internal external interface ExportDefaultDeclaration : BaseModuleDeclaration {
+    override var type: String /* "ExportDefaultDeclaration" */
+    var declaration: dynamic /* FunctionDeclaration | VariableDeclaration | ClassDeclaration | ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface ExportAllDeclaration : BaseModuleDeclaration {
+    override var type: String /* "ExportAllDeclaration" */
+    var source: dynamic /* SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
+
+internal external interface AwaitExpression : BaseExpression {
+    override var type: String /* "AwaitExpression" */
+    var argument: dynamic /* ThisExpression | ArrayExpression | ObjectExpression | FunctionExpression | ArrowFunctionExpression | YieldExpression | SimpleLiteral | RegExpLiteral | UnaryExpression | UpdateExpression | BinaryExpression | AssignmentExpression | LogicalExpression | MemberExpression | ConditionalExpression | SimpleCallExpression | NewExpression | SequenceExpression | TemplateLiteral | TaggedTemplateExpression | ClassExpression | MetaProperty | Identifier | AwaitExpression | ImportExpression | ChainExpression */
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+}
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/stream/stream.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/stream/stream.kt
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package kscience.kmath.estree.internal.stream
+
+import kscience.kmath.estree.internal.emitter.Emitter
+
+internal open external class Stream : Emitter {
+    open fun pipe(dest: Any, options: Any): Any
+}
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/tsstdlib/lib.es2015.iterable.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/tsstdlib/lib.es2015.iterable.kt
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package kscience.kmath.estree.internal.tsstdlib
+
+internal external interface IteratorYieldResult<TYield> {
+    var done: Boolean?
+        get() = definedExternally
+        set(value) = definedExternally
+    var value: TYield
+}
+
+internal external interface IteratorReturnResult<TReturn> {
+    var done: Boolean
+    var value: TReturn
+}
+
+internal external interface Iterator<T, TReturn, TNext> {
+    fun next(vararg args: Any /* JsTuple<> | JsTuple<TNext> */): dynamic /* IteratorYieldResult<T> | IteratorReturnResult<TReturn> */
+    val `return`: ((value: TReturn) -> dynamic)?
+    val `throw`: ((e: Any) -> dynamic)?
+}
+
+internal typealias Iterator__1<T> = Iterator<T, Any, Nothing?>
+
+internal external interface Iterable<T>
+
+internal external interface IterableIterator<T> : Iterator__1<T>
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/tsstdlib/lib.es5.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/internal/tsstdlib/lib.es5.kt
@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+@file:Suppress("UNUSED_TYPEALIAS_PARAMETER", "DEPRECATION")
+
+package kscience.kmath.estree.internal.tsstdlib
+
+import kotlin.js.RegExp
+
+internal typealias RegExpMatchArray = Array<String>
+
+internal typealias RegExpExecArray = Array<String>
+
+internal external interface RegExpConstructor {
+    @nativeInvoke
+    operator fun invoke(pattern: RegExp, flags: String = definedExternally): RegExp
+
+    @nativeInvoke
+    operator fun invoke(pattern: RegExp): RegExp
+
+    @nativeInvoke
+    operator fun invoke(pattern: String, flags: String = definedExternally): RegExp
+
+    @nativeInvoke
+    operator fun invoke(pattern: String): RegExp
+    var prototype: RegExp
+    var `$1`: String
+    var `$2`: String
+    var `$3`: String
+    var `$4`: String
+    var `$5`: String
+    var `$6`: String
+    var `$7`: String
+    var `$8`: String
+    var `$9`: String
+    var lastMatch: String
+}
+
+internal external interface ConcatArray<T> {
+    var length: Number
+
+    @nativeGetter
+    operator fun get(n: Number): T?
+
+    @nativeSetter
+    operator fun set(n: Number, value: T)
+    fun join(separator: String = definedExternally): String
+    fun slice(start: Number = definedExternally, end: Number = definedExternally): Array<T>
+}
+
+internal external interface ArrayConstructor {
+    fun <T> from(iterable: Iterable<T>): Array<T>
+    fun <T> from(iterable: ArrayLike<T>): Array<T>
+    fun <T, U> from(iterable: Iterable<T>, mapfn: (v: T, k: Number) -> U, thisArg: Any = definedExternally): Array<U>
+    fun <T, U> from(iterable: Iterable<T>, mapfn: (v: T, k: Number) -> U): Array<U>
+    fun <T, U> from(iterable: ArrayLike<T>, mapfn: (v: T, k: Number) -> U, thisArg: Any = definedExternally): Array<U>
+    fun <T, U> from(iterable: ArrayLike<T>, mapfn: (v: T, k: Number) -> U): Array<U>
+    fun <T> of(vararg items: T): Array<T>
+
+    @nativeInvoke
+    operator fun invoke(arrayLength: Number = definedExternally): Array<Any>
+
+    @nativeInvoke
+    operator fun invoke(): Array<Any>
+
+    @nativeInvoke
+    operator fun <T> invoke(arrayLength: Number): Array<T>
+
+    @nativeInvoke
+    operator fun <T> invoke(vararg items: T): Array<T>
+    fun isArray(arg: Any): Boolean
+    var prototype: Array<Any>
+}
+
+internal external interface ArrayLike<T> {
+    var length: Number
+
+    @nativeGetter
+    operator fun get(n: Number): T?
+
+    @nativeSetter
+    operator fun set(n: Number, value: T)
+}
+
+internal typealias Extract<T, U> = Any
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/TestESTreeConsistencyWithInterpreter.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/TestESTreeConsistencyWithInterpreter.kt
@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package kscience.kmath.estree
+
+import kscience.kmath.ast.*
+import kscience.kmath.expressions.invoke
+import kscience.kmath.operations.ByteRing
+import kscience.kmath.operations.ComplexField
+import kscience.kmath.operations.RealField
+import kscience.kmath.operations.toComplex
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+internal class TestESTreeConsistencyWithInterpreter {
+    @Test
+    fun mstSpace() {
+        val res1 = MstSpace.mstInSpace {
+            binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                unaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                    number(3.toByte()) - (number(2.toByte()) + (multiply(
+                        add(number(1), number(1)),
+                        2
+                    ) + number(1.toByte()) * 3.toByte() - number(1.toByte())))
+                ),
+
+                number(1)
+            ) + symbol("x") + zero
+        }("x" to MST.Numeric(2))
+
+        val res2 = MstSpace.mstInSpace {
+            binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                unaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                    number(3.toByte()) - (number(2.toByte()) + (multiply(
+                        add(number(1), number(1)),
+                        2
+                    ) + number(1.toByte()) * 3.toByte() - number(1.toByte())))
+                ),
+
+                number(1)
+            ) + symbol("x") + zero
+        }.compile()("x" to MST.Numeric(2))
+
+        assertEquals(res1, res2)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun byteRing() {
+        val res1 = ByteRing.mstInRing {
+            binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                unaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                    (symbol("x") - (2.toByte() + (multiply(
+                        add(number(1), number(1)),
+                        2
+                    ) + 1.toByte()))) * 3.0 - 1.toByte()
+                ),
+
+                number(1)
+            ) * number(2)
+        }("x" to 3.toByte())
+
+        val res2 = ByteRing.mstInRing {
+            binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                unaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                    (symbol("x") - (2.toByte() + (multiply(
+                        add(number(1), number(1)),
+                        2
+                    ) + 1.toByte()))) * 3.0 - 1.toByte()
+                ),
+                number(1)
+            ) * number(2)
+        }.compile()("x" to 3.toByte())
+
+        assertEquals(res1, res2)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun realField() {
+        val res1 = RealField.mstInField {
+            +(3 - 2 + 2 * number(1) + 1.0) + binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                (3.0 - (symbol("x") + (multiply(add(number(1.0), number(1.0)), 2) + 1.0))) * 3 - 1.0
+                        + number(1),
+                number(1) / 2 + number(2.0) * one
+            ) + zero
+        }("x" to 2.0)
+
+        val res2 = RealField.mstInField {
+            +(3 - 2 + 2 * number(1) + 1.0) + binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                (3.0 - (symbol("x") + (multiply(add(number(1.0), number(1.0)), 2) + 1.0))) * 3 - 1.0
+                        + number(1),
+                number(1) / 2 + number(2.0) * one
+            ) + zero
+        }.compile()("x" to 2.0)
+
+        assertEquals(res1, res2)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun complexField() {
+        val res1 = ComplexField.mstInField {
+            +(3 - 2 + 2 * number(1) + 1.0) + binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                (3.0 - (symbol("x") + (multiply(add(number(1.0), number(1.0)), 2) + 1.0))) * 3 - 1.0
+                        + number(1),
+                number(1) / 2 + number(2.0) * one
+            ) + zero
+        }("x" to 2.0.toComplex())
+
+        val res2 = ComplexField.mstInField {
+            +(3 - 2 + 2 * number(1) + 1.0) + binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                (3.0 - (symbol("x") + (multiply(add(number(1.0), number(1.0)), 2) + 1.0))) * 3 - 1.0
+                        + number(1),
+                number(1) / 2 + number(2.0) * one
+            ) + zero
+        }.compile()("x" to 2.0.toComplex())
+
+        assertEquals(res1, res2)
+    }
+}
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/TestESTreeOperationsSupport.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/TestESTreeOperationsSupport.kt
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package kscience.kmath.estree
+
+import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInExtendedField
+import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInField
+import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInSpace
+import kscience.kmath.expressions.invoke
+import kscience.kmath.operations.RealField
+import kotlin.random.Random
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+internal class TestESTreeOperationsSupport {
+    @Test
+    fun testUnaryOperationInvocation() {
+        val expression = RealField.mstInSpace { -symbol("x") }.compile()
+        val res = expression("x" to 2.0)
+        assertEquals(-2.0, res)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testBinaryOperationInvocation() {
+        val expression = RealField.mstInSpace { -symbol("x") + number(1.0) }.compile()
+        val res = expression("x" to 2.0)
+        assertEquals(-1.0, res)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConstProductInvocation() {
+        val res = RealField.mstInField { symbol("x") * 2 }("x" to 2.0)
+        assertEquals(4.0, res)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMultipleCalls() {
+        val e = RealField.mstInExtendedField { sin(symbol("x")).pow(4) - 6 * symbol("x") / tanh(symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        val r = Random(0)
+        var s = 0.0
+        repeat(1000000) { s += e("x" to r.nextDouble()) }
+        println(s)
+    }
+}
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/TestESTreeSpecialization.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/TestESTreeSpecialization.kt
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package kscience.kmath.estree
+
+import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInField
+import kscience.kmath.expressions.invoke
+import kscience.kmath.operations.RealField
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+internal class TestESTreeSpecialization {
+    @Test
+    fun testUnaryPlus() {
+        val expr = RealField.mstInField { unaryOperationFunction("+")(symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        assertEquals(2.0, expr("x" to 2.0))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUnaryMinus() {
+        val expr = RealField.mstInField { unaryOperationFunction("-")(symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        assertEquals(-2.0, expr("x" to 2.0))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAdd() {
+        val expr = RealField.mstInField { binaryOperationFunction("+")(symbol("x"), symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        assertEquals(4.0, expr("x" to 2.0))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSine() {
+        val expr = RealField.mstInField { unaryOperationFunction("sin")(symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        assertEquals(0.0, expr("x" to 0.0))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMinus() {
+        val expr = RealField.mstInField { binaryOperationFunction("-")(symbol("x"), symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        assertEquals(0.0, expr("x" to 2.0))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDivide() {
+        val expr = RealField.mstInField { binaryOperationFunction("/")(symbol("x"), symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        assertEquals(1.0, expr("x" to 2.0))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPower() {
+        val expr = RealField
+            .mstInField { binaryOperationFunction("pow")(symbol("x"), number(2)) }
+            .compile()
+
+        assertEquals(4.0, expr("x" to 2.0))
+    }
+}
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jsTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/TestESTreeVariables.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jsTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/estree/TestESTreeVariables.kt
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package kscience.kmath.estree
+
+import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInRing
+import kscience.kmath.expressions.invoke
+import kscience.kmath.operations.ByteRing
+import kotlin.test.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
+
+internal class TestESTreeVariables {
+    @Test
+    fun testVariable() {
+        val expr = ByteRing.mstInRing { symbol("x") }.compile()
+        assertEquals(1.toByte(), expr("x" to 1.toByte()))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUndefinedVariableFails() {
+        val expr = ByteRing.mstInRing { symbol("x") }.compile()
+        assertFailsWith<NoSuchElementException> { expr() }
+    }
+}
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/asm.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/asm.kt
@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package kscience.kmath.asm

 import kscience.kmath.asm.internal.AsmBuilder
-import kscience.kmath.asm.internal.MstType
-import kscience.kmath.asm.internal.buildAlgebraOperationCall
 import kscience.kmath.asm.internal.buildName
 import kscience.kmath.ast.MST
 import kscience.kmath.ast.MstExpression
 import kscience.kmath.expressions.Expression
 import kscience.kmath.operations.Algebra
+import kscience.kmath.operations.NumericAlgebra
+import kscience.kmath.operations.RealField

 /**
 * Compiles given MST to an Expression using AST compiler.
@ -23,37 +23,46 @@ internal fun <T : Any> MST.compileWith(type: Class<T>, algebra: Algebra<T>): Exp
        is MST.Symbolic -> {
            val symbol = try {
                algebra.symbol(node.value)
-            } catch (ignored: Throwable) {
+            } catch (ignored: IllegalStateException) {
                null
            }

            if (symbol != null)
-                loadTConstant(symbol)
+                loadObjectConstant(symbol as Any)
            else
                loadVariable(node.value)
        }

-        is MST.Numeric -> loadNumeric(node.value)
+        is MST.Numeric -> loadNumberConstant(node.value)
+        is MST.Unary -> buildCall(algebra.unaryOperationFunction(node.operation)) { visit(node.value) }

-        is MST.Unary -> buildAlgebraOperationCall(
-            context = algebra,
-            name = node.operation,
-            fallbackMethodName = "unaryOperation",
-            parameterTypes = arrayOf(MstType.fromMst(node.value))
-        ) { visit(node.value) }
+        is MST.Binary -> when {
+            algebra is NumericAlgebra<T> && node.left is MST.Numeric && node.right is MST.Numeric -> loadObjectConstant(
+                algebra.number(
+                    RealField
+                        .binaryOperationFunction(node.operation)
+                        .invoke(node.left.value.toDouble(), node.right.value.toDouble())
+                )
+            )

-        is MST.Binary -> buildAlgebraOperationCall(
-            context = algebra,
-            name = node.operation,
-            fallbackMethodName = "binaryOperation",
-            parameterTypes = arrayOf(MstType.fromMst(node.left), MstType.fromMst(node.right))
-        ) {
-            visit(node.left)
-            visit(node.right)
+            algebra is NumericAlgebra<T> && node.left is MST.Numeric -> buildCall(algebra.leftSideNumberOperationFunction(node.operation)) {
+                visit(node.left)
+                visit(node.right)
+            }
+
+            algebra is NumericAlgebra<T> && node.right is MST.Numeric -> buildCall(algebra.rightSideNumberOperationFunction(node.operation)) {
+                visit(node.left)
+                visit(node.right)
+            }
+
+            else -> buildCall(algebra.binaryOperationFunction(node.operation)) {
+                visit(node.left)
+                visit(node.right)
+            }
        }
    }

-    return AsmBuilder(type, algebra, buildName(this)) { visit(this@compileWith) }.getInstance()
+    return AsmBuilder<T>(type, buildName(this)) { visit(this@compileWith) }.instance
 }

 /**
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/AsmBuilder.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/AsmBuilder.kt
@ -3,29 +3,30 @@ package kscience.kmath.asm.internal
 import kscience.kmath.asm.internal.AsmBuilder.ClassLoader
 import kscience.kmath.ast.MST
 import kscience.kmath.expressions.Expression
-import kscience.kmath.operations.Algebra
-import kscience.kmath.operations.NumericAlgebra
 import org.objectweb.asm.*
 import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.*
+import org.objectweb.asm.Type.*
 import org.objectweb.asm.commons.InstructionAdapter
-import java.util.*
-import java.util.stream.Collectors
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodType
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier
+import java.util.stream.Collectors.toMap
+import kotlin.contracts.InvocationKind
+import kotlin.contracts.contract

 /**
 * ASM Builder is a structure that abstracts building a class designated to unwrap [MST] to plain Java expression.
 * This class uses [ClassLoader] for loading the generated class, then it is able to instantiate the new class.
 *
 * @property T the type of AsmExpression to unwrap.
- * @property algebra the algebra the applied AsmExpressions use.
 * @property className the unique class name of new loaded class.
- * @property invokeLabel0Visitor the function to apply to this object when generating invoke method, label 0.
+ * @property callbackAtInvokeL0 the function to apply to this object when generating invoke method, label 0.
 * @author Iaroslav Postovalov
 */
-internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
-    private val classOfT: Class<*>,
-    private val algebra: Algebra<T>,
+internal class AsmBuilder<T>(
+    classOfT: Class<*>,
    private val className: String,
-    private val invokeLabel0Visitor: AsmBuilder<T>.() -> Unit,
+    private val callbackAtInvokeL0: AsmBuilder<T>.() -> Unit,
 ) {
    /**
     * Internal classloader of [AsmBuilder] with alias to define class from byte array.
@ -39,20 +40,15 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
     */
    private val classLoader: ClassLoader = ClassLoader(javaClass.classLoader)

-    /**
-     * ASM Type for [algebra].
-     */
-    private val tAlgebraType: Type = algebra.javaClass.asm
-
    /**
     * ASM type for [T].
     */
-    internal val tType: Type = classOfT.asm
+    private val tType: Type = classOfT.asm

    /**
     * ASM type for new class.
     */
-    private val classType: Type = Type.getObjectType(className.replace(oldChar = '.', newChar = '/'))!!
+    private val classType: Type = getObjectType(className.replace(oldChar = '.', newChar = '/'))

    /**
     * List of constants to provide to the subclass.
@ -64,55 +60,14 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
     */
    private lateinit var invokeMethodVisitor: InstructionAdapter

-    /**
-     * States whether this [AsmBuilder] needs to generate constants field.
-     */
-    private var hasConstants: Boolean = true
-
-    /**
-     * States whether [T] a primitive type, so [AsmBuilder] may generate direct primitive calls.
-     */
-    internal var primitiveMode: Boolean = false
-
-    /**
-     * Primitive type to apply for specific primitive calls. Use [OBJECT_TYPE], if not in [primitiveMode].
-     */
-    internal var primitiveMask: Type = OBJECT_TYPE
-
-    /**
-     * Boxed primitive type to apply for specific primitive calls. Use [OBJECT_TYPE], if not in [primitiveMode].
-     */
-    internal var primitiveMaskBoxed: Type = OBJECT_TYPE
-
-    /**
-     * Stack of useful objects types on stack to verify types.
-     */
-    private val typeStack: ArrayDeque<Type> = ArrayDeque()
-
-    /**
-     * Stack of useful objects types on stack expected by algebra calls.
-     */
-    internal val expectationStack: ArrayDeque<Type> = ArrayDeque<Type>(1).also { it.push(tType) }
-
-    /**
-     * The cache for instance built by this builder.
-     */
-    private var generatedInstance: Expression<T>? = null
-
    /**
     * Subclasses, loads and instantiates [Expression] for given parameters.
     *
     * The built instance is cached.
     */
    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
-    internal fun getInstance(): Expression<T> {
-        generatedInstance?.let { return it }
-
-        if (SIGNATURE_LETTERS.containsKey(classOfT)) {
-            primitiveMode = true
-            primitiveMask = SIGNATURE_LETTERS.getValue(classOfT)
-            primitiveMaskBoxed = tType
-        }
+    val instance: Expression<T> by lazy {
+        val hasConstants: Boolean

        val classWriter = ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_FRAMES) {
            visit(
@ -121,20 +76,20 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
                classType.internalName,
                "${OBJECT_TYPE.descriptor}L${EXPRESSION_TYPE.internalName}<${tType.descriptor}>;",
                OBJECT_TYPE.internalName,
-                arrayOf(EXPRESSION_TYPE.internalName)
+                arrayOf(EXPRESSION_TYPE.internalName),
            )

            visitMethod(
                ACC_PUBLIC or ACC_FINAL,
                "invoke",
-                Type.getMethodDescriptor(tType, MAP_TYPE),
-                "(L${MAP_TYPE.internalName}<${STRING_TYPE.descriptor}+${tType.descriptor}>;)${tType.descriptor}",
-                null
+                getMethodDescriptor(tType, MAP_TYPE),
+                "(L${MAP_TYPE.internalName}<${SYMBOL_TYPE.descriptor}${if (Modifier.isFinal(classOfT.modifiers)) "" else "+"}${tType.descriptor}>;)${tType.descriptor}",
+                null,
            ).instructionAdapter {
                invokeMethodVisitor = this
                visitCode()
                val l0 = label()
-                invokeLabel0Visitor()
+                callbackAtInvokeL0()
                areturn(tType)
                val l1 = label()

@ -144,7 +99,7 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
                    null,
                    l0,
                    l1,
-                    invokeThisVar
+                    0,
                )

                visitLocalVariable(
@ -153,7 +108,7 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
                    "L${MAP_TYPE.internalName}<${STRING_TYPE.descriptor}+${tType.descriptor}>;",
                    l0,
                    l1,
-                    invokeArgumentsVar
+                    1,
                )

                visitMaxs(0, 2)
@ -163,17 +118,15 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
            visitMethod(
                ACC_PUBLIC or ACC_FINAL or ACC_BRIDGE or ACC_SYNTHETIC,
                "invoke",
-                Type.getMethodDescriptor(OBJECT_TYPE, MAP_TYPE),
+                getMethodDescriptor(OBJECT_TYPE, MAP_TYPE),
+                null,
                null,
-                null
            ).instructionAdapter {
-                val thisVar = 0
-                val argumentsVar = 1
                visitCode()
                val l0 = label()
-                load(thisVar, OBJECT_TYPE)
-                load(argumentsVar, MAP_TYPE)
-                invokevirtual(classType.internalName, "invoke", Type.getMethodDescriptor(tType, MAP_TYPE), false)
+                load(0, OBJECT_TYPE)
+                load(1, MAP_TYPE)
+                invokevirtual(classType.internalName, "invoke", getMethodDescriptor(tType, MAP_TYPE), false)
                areturn(tType)
                val l1 = label()

@ -183,7 +136,7 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
                    null,
                    l0,
                    l1,
-                    thisVar
+                    0,
                )

                visitMaxs(0, 2)
@ -192,15 +145,6 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(

            hasConstants = constants.isNotEmpty()

-            visitField(
-                access = ACC_PRIVATE or ACC_FINAL,
-                name = "algebra",
-                descriptor = tAlgebraType.descriptor,
-                signature = null,
-                value = null,
-                block = FieldVisitor::visitEnd
-            )
-
            if (hasConstants)
                visitField(
                    access = ACC_PRIVATE or ACC_FINAL,
@ -208,55 +152,36 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
                    descriptor = OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE.descriptor,
                    signature = null,
                    value = null,
-                    block = FieldVisitor::visitEnd
+                    block = FieldVisitor::visitEnd,
                )

            visitMethod(
                ACC_PUBLIC,
                "<init>",
-
-                Type.getMethodDescriptor(
-                    Type.VOID_TYPE,
-                    tAlgebraType,
-                    *OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE.wrapToArrayIf { hasConstants }),
-
+                getMethodDescriptor(VOID_TYPE, *OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE.wrapToArrayIf { hasConstants }),
+                null,
                null,
-                null
            ).instructionAdapter {
-                val thisVar = 0
-                val algebraVar = 1
-                val constantsVar = 2
                val l0 = label()
-                load(thisVar, classType)
-                invokespecial(OBJECT_TYPE.internalName, "<init>", Type.getMethodDescriptor(Type.VOID_TYPE), false)
+                load(0, classType)
+                invokespecial(OBJECT_TYPE.internalName, "<init>", getMethodDescriptor(VOID_TYPE), false)
                label()
-                load(thisVar, classType)
-                load(algebraVar, tAlgebraType)
-                putfield(classType.internalName, "algebra", tAlgebraType.descriptor)
+                load(0, classType)

                if (hasConstants) {
                    label()
-                    load(thisVar, classType)
-                    load(constantsVar, OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE)
+                    load(0, classType)
+                    load(1, OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE)
                    putfield(classType.internalName, "constants", OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE.descriptor)
                }

                label()
                visitInsn(RETURN)
                val l4 = label()
-                visitLocalVariable("this", classType.descriptor, null, l0, l4, thisVar)
-
-                visitLocalVariable(
-                    "algebra",
-                    tAlgebraType.descriptor,
-                    null,
-                    l0,
-                    l4,
-                    algebraVar
-                )
+                visitLocalVariable("this", classType.descriptor, null, l0, l4, 0)

                if (hasConstants)
-                    visitLocalVariable("constants", OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE.descriptor, null, l0, l4, constantsVar)
+                    visitLocalVariable("constants", OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE.descriptor, null, l0, l4, 1)

                visitMaxs(0, 3)
                visitEnd()
@ -265,296 +190,156 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
            visitEnd()
        }

-        val new = classLoader
-            .defineClass(className, classWriter.toByteArray())
-            .constructors
-            .first()
-            .newInstance(algebra, *(constants.toTypedArray().wrapToArrayIf { hasConstants })) as Expression<T>
+        val cls = classLoader.defineClass(className, classWriter.toByteArray())
+        java.io.File("dump.class").writeBytes(classWriter.toByteArray())
+        val l = MethodHandles.publicLookup()

-        generatedInstance = new
-        return new
+        if (hasConstants)
+            l.findConstructor(cls, MethodType.methodType(Void.TYPE, Array<Any>::class.java))
+                .invoke(constants.toTypedArray()) as Expression<T>
+        else
+            l.findConstructor(cls, MethodType.methodType(Void.TYPE)).invoke() as Expression<T>
    }

-    /**
-     * Loads a [T] constant from [constants].
-     */
-    internal fun loadTConstant(value: T) {
-        if (classOfT in INLINABLE_NUMBERS) {
-            val expectedType = expectationStack.pop()
-            val mustBeBoxed = expectedType.sort == Type.OBJECT
-            loadNumberConstant(value as Number, mustBeBoxed)
-
-            if (mustBeBoxed)
-                invokeMethodVisitor.checkcast(tType)
-
-            if (mustBeBoxed) typeStack.push(tType) else typeStack.push(primitiveMask)
-            return
-        }
-
-        loadObjectConstant(value as Any, tType)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Boxes the current value and pushes it.
-     */
-    private fun box(primitive: Type) {
-        val r = PRIMITIVES_TO_BOXED.getValue(primitive)
-
-        invokeMethodVisitor.invokestatic(
-            r.internalName,
-            "valueOf",
-            Type.getMethodDescriptor(r, primitive),
-            false
-        )
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Unboxes the current boxed value and pushes it.
-     */
-    private fun unboxTo(primitive: Type) = invokeMethodVisitor.invokevirtual(
-        NUMBER_TYPE.internalName,
-        NUMBER_CONVERTER_METHODS.getValue(primitive),
-        Type.getMethodDescriptor(primitive),
-        false
-    )
-
    /**
     * Loads [java.lang.Object] constant from constants.
     */
-    private fun loadObjectConstant(value: Any, type: Type): Unit = invokeMethodVisitor.run {
-        val idx = if (value in constants) constants.indexOf(value) else constants.apply { add(value) }.lastIndex
-        loadThis()
+    fun loadObjectConstant(value: Any, type: Type = tType): Unit = invokeMethodVisitor.run {
+        val idx = if (value in constants) constants.indexOf(value) else constants.also { it += value }.lastIndex
+        invokeMethodVisitor.load(0, classType)
        getfield(classType.internalName, "constants", OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE.descriptor)
        iconst(idx)
        visitInsn(AALOAD)
-        checkcast(type)
+        if (type != OBJECT_TYPE) checkcast(type)
    }

-    internal fun loadNumeric(value: Number) {
-        if (expectationStack.peek() == NUMBER_TYPE) {
-            loadNumberConstant(value, true)
-            expectationStack.pop()
-            typeStack.push(NUMBER_TYPE)
-        } else (algebra as? NumericAlgebra<T>)?.number(value)?.let { loadTConstant(it) }
-            ?: error("Cannot resolve numeric $value since target algebra is not numeric, and the current operation doesn't accept numbers.")
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Loads this variable.
-     */
-    private fun loadThis(): Unit = invokeMethodVisitor.load(invokeThisVar, classType)
-
    /**
     * Either loads a numeric constant [value] from the class's constants field or boxes a primitive
-     * constant from the constant pool (some numbers with special opcodes like [Opcodes.ICONST_0] aren't even loaded
-     * from it).
+     * constant from the constant pool.
     */
-    private fun loadNumberConstant(value: Number, mustBeBoxed: Boolean) {
+    fun loadNumberConstant(value: Number) {
        val boxed = value.javaClass.asm
        val primitive = BOXED_TO_PRIMITIVES[boxed]

        if (primitive != null) {
            when (primitive) {
-                Type.BYTE_TYPE -> invokeMethodVisitor.iconst(value.toInt())
-                Type.DOUBLE_TYPE -> invokeMethodVisitor.dconst(value.toDouble())
-                Type.FLOAT_TYPE -> invokeMethodVisitor.fconst(value.toFloat())
-                Type.LONG_TYPE -> invokeMethodVisitor.lconst(value.toLong())
-                Type.INT_TYPE -> invokeMethodVisitor.iconst(value.toInt())
-                Type.SHORT_TYPE -> invokeMethodVisitor.iconst(value.toInt())
+                BYTE_TYPE -> invokeMethodVisitor.iconst(value.toInt())
+                DOUBLE_TYPE -> invokeMethodVisitor.dconst(value.toDouble())
+                FLOAT_TYPE -> invokeMethodVisitor.fconst(value.toFloat())
+                LONG_TYPE -> invokeMethodVisitor.lconst(value.toLong())
+                INT_TYPE -> invokeMethodVisitor.iconst(value.toInt())
+                SHORT_TYPE -> invokeMethodVisitor.iconst(value.toInt())
            }

-            if (mustBeBoxed)
-                box(primitive)
+            val r = PRIMITIVES_TO_BOXED.getValue(primitive)
+
+            invokeMethodVisitor.invokestatic(
+                r.internalName,
+                "valueOf",
+                getMethodDescriptor(r, primitive),
+                false,
+            )

            return
        }

        loadObjectConstant(value, boxed)
-
-        if (!mustBeBoxed)
-            unboxTo(primitiveMask)
    }

    /**
-     * Loads a variable [name] from arguments [Map] parameter of [Expression.invoke]. The [defaultValue] may be
-     * provided.
+     * Loads a variable [name] from arguments [Map] parameter of [Expression.invoke].
     */
-    internal fun loadVariable(name: String): Unit = invokeMethodVisitor.run {
-        load(invokeArgumentsVar, MAP_TYPE)
+    fun loadVariable(name: String): Unit = invokeMethodVisitor.run {
+        load(1, MAP_TYPE)
        aconst(name)

        invokestatic(
            MAP_INTRINSICS_TYPE.internalName,
            "getOrFail",
-            Type.getMethodDescriptor(OBJECT_TYPE, MAP_TYPE, STRING_TYPE),
-            false
+            getMethodDescriptor(OBJECT_TYPE, MAP_TYPE, STRING_TYPE),
+            false,
        )

        checkcast(tType)
-        val expectedType = expectationStack.pop()
-
-        if (expectedType.sort == Type.OBJECT)
-            typeStack.push(tType)
-        else {
-            unboxTo(primitiveMask)
-            typeStack.push(primitiveMask)
-        }
    }

-    /**
-     * Loads algebra from according field of the class and casts it to class of [algebra] provided.
-     */
-    internal fun loadAlgebra() {
-        loadThis()
-        invokeMethodVisitor.getfield(classType.internalName, "algebra", tAlgebraType.descriptor)
-    }
+    inline fun buildCall(function: Function<T>, parameters: AsmBuilder<T>.() -> Unit) {
+        contract { callsInPlace(parameters, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE) }
+        val `interface` = function.javaClass.interfaces.first { Function::class.java in it.interfaces }

-    /**
-     * Writes a method instruction of opcode with its [owner], [method] and its [descriptor]. The default opcode is
-     * [Opcodes.INVOKEINTERFACE], since most Algebra functions are declared in interfaces. [loadAlgebra] should be
-     * called before the arguments and this operation.
-     *
-     * The result is casted to [T] automatically.
-     */
-    internal fun invokeAlgebraOperation(
-        owner: String,
-        method: String,
-        descriptor: String,
-        expectedArity: Int,
-        opcode: Int = INVOKEINTERFACE,
-    ) {
-        run loop@{
-            repeat(expectedArity) {
-                if (typeStack.isEmpty()) return@loop
-                typeStack.pop()
-            }
-        }
+        val arity = `interface`.methods.find { it.name == "invoke" }?.parameterCount
+            ?: error("Provided function object doesn't contain invoke method")

-        invokeMethodVisitor.visitMethodInsn(
-            opcode,
-            owner,
-            method,
-            descriptor,
-            opcode == INVOKEINTERFACE
+        val type = getType(`interface`)
+        loadObjectConstant(function, type)
+        parameters(this)
+
+        invokeMethodVisitor.invokeinterface(
+            type.internalName,
+            "invoke",
+            getMethodDescriptor(OBJECT_TYPE, *Array(arity) { OBJECT_TYPE }),
        )

        invokeMethodVisitor.checkcast(tType)
-        val isLastExpr = expectationStack.size == 1
-        val expectedType = expectationStack.pop()
-
-        if (expectedType.sort == Type.OBJECT || isLastExpr)
-            typeStack.push(tType)
-        else {
-            unboxTo(primitiveMask)
-            typeStack.push(primitiveMask)
-        }
    }

-    /**
-     * Writes a LDC Instruction with string constant provided.
-     */
-    internal fun loadStringConstant(string: String): Unit = invokeMethodVisitor.aconst(string)
-
-    internal companion object {
-        /**
-         * Index of `this` variable in invoke method of the built subclass.
-         */
-        private const val invokeThisVar: Int = 0
-
-        /**
-         * Index of `arguments` variable in invoke method of the built subclass.
-         */
-        private const val invokeArgumentsVar: Int = 1
-
-        /**
-         * Maps JVM primitive numbers boxed types to their primitive ASM types.
-         */
-        private val SIGNATURE_LETTERS: Map<Class<out Any>, Type> by lazy {
-            hashMapOf(
-                java.lang.Byte::class.java to Type.BYTE_TYPE,
-                java.lang.Short::class.java to Type.SHORT_TYPE,
-                java.lang.Integer::class.java to Type.INT_TYPE,
-                java.lang.Long::class.java to Type.LONG_TYPE,
-                java.lang.Float::class.java to Type.FLOAT_TYPE,
-                java.lang.Double::class.java to Type.DOUBLE_TYPE
-            )
-        }
-
+    companion object {
        /**
         * Maps JVM primitive numbers boxed ASM types to their primitive ASM types.
         */
-        private val BOXED_TO_PRIMITIVES: Map<Type, Type> by lazy { SIGNATURE_LETTERS.mapKeys { (k, _) -> k.asm } }
+        private val BOXED_TO_PRIMITIVES: Map<Type, Type> by lazy {
+            hashMapOf(
+                Byte::class.java.asm to BYTE_TYPE,
+                Short::class.java.asm to SHORT_TYPE,
+                Integer::class.java.asm to INT_TYPE,
+                Long::class.java.asm to LONG_TYPE,
+                Float::class.java.asm to FLOAT_TYPE,
+                Double::class.java.asm to DOUBLE_TYPE,
+            )
+        }

        /**
         * Maps JVM primitive numbers boxed ASM types to their primitive ASM types.
         */
        private val PRIMITIVES_TO_BOXED: Map<Type, Type> by lazy {
            BOXED_TO_PRIMITIVES.entries.stream().collect(
-                Collectors.toMap(
-                    Map.Entry<Type, Type>::value,
-                    Map.Entry<Type, Type>::key
-                )
+                toMap(Map.Entry<Type, Type>::value, Map.Entry<Type, Type>::key),
            )
        }

-        /**
-         * Maps primitive ASM types to [Number] functions unboxing them.
-         */
-        private val NUMBER_CONVERTER_METHODS: Map<Type, String> by lazy {
-            hashMapOf(
-                Type.BYTE_TYPE to "byteValue",
-                Type.SHORT_TYPE to "shortValue",
-                Type.INT_TYPE to "intValue",
-                Type.LONG_TYPE to "longValue",
-                Type.FLOAT_TYPE to "floatValue",
-                Type.DOUBLE_TYPE to "doubleValue"
-            )
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Provides boxed number types values of which can be stored in JVM bytecode constant pool.
-         */
-        private val INLINABLE_NUMBERS: Set<Class<out Any>> by lazy { SIGNATURE_LETTERS.keys }
-
        /**
         * ASM type for [Expression].
         */
-        internal val EXPRESSION_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("kscience/kmath/expressions/Expression") }
-
-        /**
-         * ASM type for [java.lang.Number].
-         */
-        internal val NUMBER_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("java/lang/Number") }
+        val EXPRESSION_TYPE: Type by lazy { getObjectType("kscience/kmath/expressions/Expression") }

        /**
         * ASM type for [java.util.Map].
         */
-        internal val MAP_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("java/util/Map") }
+        val MAP_TYPE: Type by lazy { getObjectType("java/util/Map") }

        /**
         * ASM type for [java.lang.Object].
         */
-        internal val OBJECT_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("java/lang/Object") }
+        val OBJECT_TYPE: Type by lazy { getObjectType("java/lang/Object") }

        /**
         * ASM type for array of [java.lang.Object].
         */
-        @Suppress("PLATFORM_CLASS_MAPPED_TO_KOTLIN", "RemoveRedundantQualifierName")
-        internal val OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getType("[Ljava/lang/Object;") }
-
-        /**
-         * ASM type for [Algebra].
-         */
-        internal val ALGEBRA_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("kscience/kmath/operations/Algebra") }
+        val OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE: Type by lazy { getType("[Ljava/lang/Object;") }

        /**
         * ASM type for [java.lang.String].
         */
-        internal val STRING_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("java/lang/String") }
+        val STRING_TYPE: Type by lazy { getObjectType("java/lang/String") }

        /**
         * ASM type for MapIntrinsics.
         */
-        internal val MAP_INTRINSICS_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("kscience/kmath/asm/internal/MapIntrinsics") }
+        val MAP_INTRINSICS_TYPE: Type by lazy { getObjectType("kscience/kmath/asm/internal/MapIntrinsics") }
+
+        /**
+         * ASM Type for [kscience.kmath.expressions.Symbol].
+         */
+        val SYMBOL_TYPE: Type by lazy { getObjectType("kscience/kmath/expressions/Symbol") }
    }
 }
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/MstType.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/MstType.kt
@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-package kscience.kmath.asm.internal
-
-import kscience.kmath.ast.MST
-
-/**
- * Represents types known in [MST], numbers and general values.
- */
-internal enum class MstType {
-    GENERAL,
-    NUMBER;
-
-    companion object {
-        fun fromMst(mst: MST): MstType {
-            if (mst is MST.Numeric)
-                return NUMBER
-
-            return GENERAL
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/codegenUtils.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/codegenUtils.kt
@ -2,29 +2,11 @@ package kscience.kmath.asm.internal

 import kscience.kmath.ast.MST
 import kscience.kmath.expressions.Expression
-import kscience.kmath.operations.Algebra
-import kscience.kmath.operations.FieldOperations
-import kscience.kmath.operations.RingOperations
-import kscience.kmath.operations.SpaceOperations
 import org.objectweb.asm.*
-import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL
 import org.objectweb.asm.commons.InstructionAdapter
-import java.lang.reflect.Method
-import java.util.*
 import kotlin.contracts.InvocationKind
 import kotlin.contracts.contract

-private val methodNameAdapters: Map<Pair<String, Int>, String> by lazy {
-    hashMapOf(
-        SpaceOperations.PLUS_OPERATION to 2 to "add",
-        RingOperations.TIMES_OPERATION to 2 to "multiply",
-        FieldOperations.DIV_OPERATION to 2 to "divide",
-        SpaceOperations.PLUS_OPERATION to 1 to "unaryPlus",
-        SpaceOperations.MINUS_OPERATION to 1 to "unaryMinus",
-        SpaceOperations.MINUS_OPERATION to 2 to "minus"
-    )
-}
-
 /**
 * Returns ASM [Type] for given [Class].
 *
@ -109,107 +91,3 @@ internal inline fun ClassWriter.visitField(
    contract { callsInPlace(block, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE) }
    return visitField(access, name, descriptor, signature, value).apply(block)
 }
-
-private fun <T> AsmBuilder<T>.findSpecific(context: Algebra<T>, name: String, parameterTypes: Array<MstType>): Method? =
-    context.javaClass.methods.find { method ->
-        val nameValid = method.name == name
-        val arityValid = method.parameters.size == parameterTypes.size
-        val notBridgeInPrimitive = !(primitiveMode && method.isBridge)
-
-        val paramsValid = method.parameterTypes.zip(parameterTypes).all { (type, mstType) ->
-            !(mstType != MstType.NUMBER && type == java.lang.Number::class.java)
-        }
-
-        nameValid && arityValid && notBridgeInPrimitive && paramsValid
-    }
-
-/**
- * Checks if the target [context] for code generation contains a method with needed [name] and arity, also builds
- * type expectation stack for needed arity.
- *
- * @author Iaroslav Postovalov
- */
-private fun <T> AsmBuilder<T>.buildExpectationStack(
-    context: Algebra<T>,
-    name: String,
-    parameterTypes: Array<MstType>
-): Boolean {
-    val arity = parameterTypes.size
-    val specific = findSpecific(context, methodNameAdapters[name to arity] ?: name, parameterTypes)
-
-    if (specific != null)
-        mapTypes(specific, parameterTypes).reversed().forEach { expectationStack.push(it) }
-    else
-        expectationStack.addAll(Collections.nCopies(arity, tType))
-
-    return specific != null
-}
-
-private fun <T> AsmBuilder<T>.mapTypes(method: Method, parameterTypes: Array<MstType>): List<Type> = method
-    .parameterTypes
-    .zip(parameterTypes)
-    .map { (type, mstType) ->
-        when {
-            type == java.lang.Number::class.java && mstType == MstType.NUMBER -> AsmBuilder.NUMBER_TYPE
-            else -> if (primitiveMode) primitiveMask else primitiveMaskBoxed
-        }
-    }
-
-/**
- * Checks if the target [context] for code generation contains a method with needed [name] and arity and inserts
- * [AsmBuilder.invokeAlgebraOperation] of this method.
- *
- * @author Iaroslav Postovalov
- */
-private fun <T> AsmBuilder<T>.tryInvokeSpecific(
-    context: Algebra<T>,
-    name: String,
-    parameterTypes: Array<MstType>
-): Boolean {
-    val arity = parameterTypes.size
-    val theName = methodNameAdapters[name to arity] ?: name
-    val spec = findSpecific(context, theName, parameterTypes) ?: return false
-    val owner = context.javaClass.asm
-
-    invokeAlgebraOperation(
-        owner = owner.internalName,
-        method = theName,
-        descriptor = Type.getMethodDescriptor(primitiveMaskBoxed, *mapTypes(spec, parameterTypes).toTypedArray()),
-        expectedArity = arity,
-        opcode = INVOKEVIRTUAL
-    )
-
-    return true
-}
-
-/**
- * Builds specialized [context] call with option to fallback to generic algebra operation accepting [String].
- *
- * @author Iaroslav Postovalov
- */
-internal inline fun <T> AsmBuilder<T>.buildAlgebraOperationCall(
-    context: Algebra<T>,
-    name: String,
-    fallbackMethodName: String,
-    parameterTypes: Array<MstType>,
-    parameters: AsmBuilder<T>.() -> Unit
-) {
-    contract { callsInPlace(parameters, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE) }
-    val arity = parameterTypes.size
-    loadAlgebra()
-    if (!buildExpectationStack(context, name, parameterTypes)) loadStringConstant(name)
-    parameters()
-
-    if (!tryInvokeSpecific(context, name, parameterTypes)) invokeAlgebraOperation(
-        owner = AsmBuilder.ALGEBRA_TYPE.internalName,
-        method = fallbackMethodName,
-
-        descriptor = Type.getMethodDescriptor(
-            AsmBuilder.OBJECT_TYPE,
-            AsmBuilder.STRING_TYPE,
-            *Array(arity) { AsmBuilder.OBJECT_TYPE }
-        ),
-
-        expectedArity = arity
-    )
-}
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/parser.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/parser.kt
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+// TODO move to common when https://github.com/h0tk3y/better-parse/pull/33 is merged
+
 package kscience.kmath.ast

 import com.github.h0tk3y.betterParse.combinators.*
@ -17,7 +19,8 @@ import kscience.kmath.operations.RingOperations
 import kscience.kmath.operations.SpaceOperations

 /**
- * TODO move to common after IR version is released
+ * better-parse implementation of grammar defined in the ArithmeticsEvaluator.g4.
+ *
 * @author Alexander Nozik and Iaroslav Postovalov
 */
 public object ArithmeticsEvaluator : Grammar<MST>() {
@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ public object ArithmeticsEvaluator : Grammar<MST>() {
 }

 /**
- * Tries to parse the string into [MST]. Returns [ParseResult] representing expression or error.
+ * Tries to parse the string into [MST] using [ArithmeticsEvaluator]. Returns [ParseResult] representing expression or error.
 *
 * @receiver the string to parse.
 * @return the [MST] node.
@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ public object ArithmeticsEvaluator : Grammar<MST>() {
 public fun String.tryParseMath(): ParseResult<MST> = ArithmeticsEvaluator.tryParseToEnd(this)

 /**
- * Parses the string into [MST].
+ * Parses the string into [MST] using [ArithmeticsEvaluator].
 *
 * @receiver the string to parse.
 * @return the [MST] node.
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/TestAsmConsistencyWithInterpreter.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/TestAsmConsistencyWithInterpreter.kt
@ -1,24 +1,20 @@
 package kscience.kmath.asm

-import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInField
-import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInRing
-import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInSpace
+import kscience.kmath.ast.*
 import kscience.kmath.expressions.invoke
 import kscience.kmath.operations.ByteRing
+import kscience.kmath.operations.ComplexField
 import kscience.kmath.operations.RealField
+import kscience.kmath.operations.toComplex
 import kotlin.test.Test
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals

-internal class TestAsmAlgebras {
-
+internal class TestAsmConsistencyWithInterpreter {
    @Test
-    fun space() {
-        val res1 = ByteRing.mstInSpace {
-            binaryOperation(
-                "+",
-
-                unaryOperation(
-                    "+",
+    fun mstSpace() {
+        val res1 = MstSpace.mstInSpace {
+            binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                unaryOperationFunction("+")(
                    number(3.toByte()) - (number(2.toByte()) + (multiply(
                        add(number(1), number(1)),
                        2
@ -27,14 +23,11 @@ internal class TestAsmAlgebras {

                number(1)
            ) + symbol("x") + zero
-        }("x" to 2.toByte())
+        }("x" to MST.Numeric(2))

-        val res2 = ByteRing.mstInSpace {
-            binaryOperation(
-                "+",
-
-                unaryOperation(
-                    "+",
+        val res2 = MstSpace.mstInSpace {
+            binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                unaryOperationFunction("+")(
                    number(3.toByte()) - (number(2.toByte()) + (multiply(
                        add(number(1), number(1)),
                        2
@ -43,19 +36,16 @@ internal class TestAsmAlgebras {

                number(1)
            ) + symbol("x") + zero
-        }.compile()("x" to 2.toByte())
+        }.compile()("x" to MST.Numeric(2))

        assertEquals(res1, res2)
    }

    @Test
-    fun ring() {
+    fun byteRing() {
        val res1 = ByteRing.mstInRing {
-            binaryOperation(
-                "+",
-
-                unaryOperation(
-                    "+",
+            binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                unaryOperationFunction("+")(
                    (symbol("x") - (2.toByte() + (multiply(
                        add(number(1), number(1)),
                        2
@ -67,17 +57,13 @@ internal class TestAsmAlgebras {
        }("x" to 3.toByte())

        val res2 = ByteRing.mstInRing {
-            binaryOperation(
-                "+",
-
-                unaryOperation(
-                    "+",
+            binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                unaryOperationFunction("+")(
                    (symbol("x") - (2.toByte() + (multiply(
                        add(number(1), number(1)),
                        2
                    ) + 1.toByte()))) * 3.0 - 1.toByte()
                ),
-
                number(1)
            ) * number(2)
        }.compile()("x" to 3.toByte())
@ -86,10 +72,9 @@ internal class TestAsmAlgebras {
    }

    @Test
-    fun field() {
+    fun realField() {
        val res1 = RealField.mstInField {
-            +(3 - 2 + 2 * number(1) + 1.0) + binaryOperation(
-                "+",
+            +(3 - 2 + 2 * number(1) + 1.0) + binaryOperationFunction("+")(
                (3.0 - (symbol("x") + (multiply(add(number(1.0), number(1.0)), 2) + 1.0))) * 3 - 1.0
                        + number(1),
                number(1) / 2 + number(2.0) * one
@ -97,8 +82,7 @@ internal class TestAsmAlgebras {
        }("x" to 2.0)

        val res2 = RealField.mstInField {
-            +(3 - 2 + 2 * number(1) + 1.0) + binaryOperation(
-                "+",
+            +(3 - 2 + 2 * number(1) + 1.0) + binaryOperationFunction("+")(
                (3.0 - (symbol("x") + (multiply(add(number(1.0), number(1.0)), 2) + 1.0))) * 3 - 1.0
                        + number(1),
                number(1) / 2 + number(2.0) * one
@ -107,4 +91,25 @@ internal class TestAsmAlgebras {

        assertEquals(res1, res2)
    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun complexField() {
+        val res1 = ComplexField.mstInField {
+            +(3 - 2 + 2 * number(1) + 1.0) + binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                (3.0 - (symbol("x") + (multiply(add(number(1.0), number(1.0)), 2) + 1.0))) * 3 - 1.0
+                        + number(1),
+                number(1) / 2 + number(2.0) * one
+            ) + zero
+        }("x" to 2.0.toComplex())
+
+        val res2 = ComplexField.mstInField {
+            +(3 - 2 + 2 * number(1) + 1.0) + binaryOperationFunction("+")(
+                (3.0 - (symbol("x") + (multiply(add(number(1.0), number(1.0)), 2) + 1.0))) * 3 - 1.0
+                        + number(1),
+                number(1) / 2 + number(2.0) * one
+            ) + zero
+        }.compile()("x" to 2.0.toComplex())
+
+        assertEquals(res1, res2)
+    }
 }
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/TestAsmOperationsSupport.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/TestAsmOperationsSupport.kt
@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 package kscience.kmath.asm

-import kscience.kmath.asm.compile
+import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInExtendedField
 import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInField
 import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInSpace
 import kscience.kmath.expressions.invoke
 import kscience.kmath.operations.RealField
+import kotlin.random.Random
 import kotlin.test.Test
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals

-internal class TestAsmExpressions {
+internal class TestAsmOperationsSupport {
    @Test
    fun testUnaryOperationInvocation() {
        val expression = RealField.mstInSpace { -symbol("x") }.compile()
@ -28,4 +29,13 @@ internal class TestAsmExpressions {
        val res = RealField.mstInField { symbol("x") * 2 }("x" to 2.0)
        assertEquals(4.0, res)
    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMultipleCalls() {
+        val e = RealField.mstInExtendedField { sin(symbol("x")).pow(4) - 6 * symbol("x") / tanh(symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        val r = Random(0)
+        var s = 0.0
+        repeat(1000000) { s += e("x" to r.nextDouble()) }
+        println(s)
+    }
 }
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/TestAsmSpecialization.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/TestAsmSpecialization.kt
@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package kscience.kmath.asm

-import kscience.kmath.asm.compile
 import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInField
 import kscience.kmath.expressions.invoke
 import kscience.kmath.operations.RealField
@ -10,44 +9,44 @@ import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 internal class TestAsmSpecialization {
    @Test
    fun testUnaryPlus() {
-        val expr = RealField.mstInField { unaryOperation("+", symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        val expr = RealField.mstInField { unaryOperationFunction("+")(symbol("x")) }.compile()
        assertEquals(2.0, expr("x" to 2.0))
    }

    @Test
    fun testUnaryMinus() {
-        val expr = RealField.mstInField { unaryOperation("-", symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        val expr = RealField.mstInField { unaryOperationFunction("-")(symbol("x")) }.compile()
        assertEquals(-2.0, expr("x" to 2.0))
    }

    @Test
    fun testAdd() {
-        val expr = RealField.mstInField { binaryOperation("+", symbol("x"), symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        val expr = RealField.mstInField { binaryOperationFunction("+")(symbol("x"), symbol("x")) }.compile()
        assertEquals(4.0, expr("x" to 2.0))
    }

    @Test
    fun testSine() {
-        val expr = RealField.mstInField { unaryOperation("sin", symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        val expr = RealField.mstInField { unaryOperationFunction("sin")(symbol("x")) }.compile()
        assertEquals(0.0, expr("x" to 0.0))
    }

    @Test
    fun testMinus() {
-        val expr = RealField.mstInField { binaryOperation("-", symbol("x"), symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        val expr = RealField.mstInField { binaryOperationFunction("-")(symbol("x"), symbol("x")) }.compile()
        assertEquals(0.0, expr("x" to 2.0))
    }

    @Test
    fun testDivide() {
-        val expr = RealField.mstInField { binaryOperation("/", symbol("x"), symbol("x")) }.compile()
+        val expr = RealField.mstInField { binaryOperationFunction("/")(symbol("x"), symbol("x")) }.compile()
        assertEquals(1.0, expr("x" to 2.0))
    }

    @Test
    fun testPower() {
        val expr = RealField
-            .mstInField { binaryOperation("power", symbol("x"), number(2)) }
+            .mstInField { binaryOperationFunction("pow")(symbol("x"), number(2)) }
            .compile()

        assertEquals(4.0, expr("x" to 2.0))
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/TestAsmVariables.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/TestAsmVariables.kt
@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith

 internal class TestAsmVariables {
    @Test
-    fun testVariableWithoutDefault() {
-        val expr = ByteRing.mstInRing { symbol("x") }
+    fun testVariable() {
+        val expr = ByteRing.mstInRing { symbol("x") }.compile()
        assertEquals(1.toByte(), expr("x" to 1.toByte()))
    }

    @Test
-    fun testVariableWithoutDefaultFails() {
-        val expr = ByteRing.mstInRing { symbol("x") }
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalStateException> { expr() }
+    fun testUndefinedVariableFails() {
+        val expr = ByteRing.mstInRing { symbol("x") }.compile()
+        assertFailsWith<NoSuchElementException> { expr() }
    }
 }
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/AsmTest.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/AsmTest.kt
@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package kscience.kmath.ast
-
-import kscience.kmath.asm.compile
-import kscience.kmath.asm.expression
-import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInField
-import kscience.kmath.ast.parseMath
-import kscience.kmath.expressions.invoke
-import kscience.kmath.operations.Complex
-import kscience.kmath.operations.ComplexField
-import kotlin.test.Test
-import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-
-internal class AsmTest {
-    @Test
-    fun `compile MST`() {
-        val res = ComplexField.expression("2+2*(2+2)".parseMath())()
-        assertEquals(Complex(10.0, 0.0), res)
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    fun `compile MSTExpression`() {
-        val res = ComplexField.mstInField { number(2) + number(2) * (number(2) + number(2)) }.compile()()
-        assertEquals(Complex(10.0, 0.0), res)
-    }
-}
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/ParserPrecedenceTest.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/ParserPrecedenceTest.kt
@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package kscience.kmath.ast

-import kscience.kmath.ast.evaluate
-import kscience.kmath.ast.parseMath
 import kscience.kmath.operations.Field
 import kscience.kmath.operations.RealField
 import kotlin.test.Test
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/ParserTest.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/ParserTest.kt
@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 package kscience.kmath.ast

-import kscience.kmath.ast.evaluate
-import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInField
-import kscience.kmath.ast.parseMath
 import kscience.kmath.expressions.invoke
 import kscience.kmath.operations.Algebra
 import kscience.kmath.operations.Complex
@ -45,12 +42,15 @@ internal class ParserTest {
        val magicalAlgebra = object : Algebra<String> {
            override fun symbol(value: String): String = value

-            override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: String): String = throw NotImplementedError()
-
-            override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: String, right: String): String = when (operation) {
-                "magic" -> "$left ★ $right"
-                else -> throw NotImplementedError()
+            override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: String) -> String {
+                throw NotImplementedError()
            }
+
+            override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: String, right: String) -> String =
+                when (operation) {
+                    "magic" -> { left, right -> "$left ★ $right" }
+                    else -> throw NotImplementedError()
+                }
        }

        val mst = "magic(a, b)".parseMath()
--- a/kmath-core/README.md
+++ b/kmath-core/README.md
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ The core features of KMath:
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/mipt-npm/kscience' }
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/mipt-npm/dev' }
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/hotkeytlt/maven' }
-
+> 
 > }
 > 
 > dependencies {
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/expressions/FunctionalExpressionAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/expressions/FunctionalExpressionAlgebra.kt
@ -7,9 +7,8 @@ import kscience.kmath.operations.*
 *
 * @param algebra The algebra to provide for Expressions built.
 */
-public abstract class FunctionalExpressionAlgebra<T, A : Algebra<T>>(
-    public val algebra: A,
-) : ExpressionAlgebra<T, Expression<T>> {
+public abstract class FunctionalExpressionAlgebra<T, A : Algebra<T>>(public val algebra: A) :
+    ExpressionAlgebra<T, Expression<T>> {
    /**
     * Builds an Expression of constant expression which does not depend on arguments.
     */
@ -25,19 +24,18 @@ public abstract class FunctionalExpressionAlgebra<T, A : Algebra<T>>(
    /**
     * Builds an Expression of dynamic call of binary operation [operation] on [left] and [right].
     */
-    public override fun binaryOperation(
-        operation: String,
-        left: Expression<T>,
-        right: Expression<T>,
-    ): Expression<T> = Expression { arguments ->
-        algebra.binaryOperation(operation, left.invoke(arguments), right.invoke(arguments))
-    }
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>) -> Expression<T> =
+        { left, right ->
+            Expression { arguments ->
+                algebra.binaryOperationFunction(operation)(left.invoke(arguments), right.invoke(arguments))
+            }
+        }

    /**
     * Builds an Expression of dynamic call of unary operation with name [operation] on [arg].
     */
-    public override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> = Expression { arguments ->
-        algebra.unaryOperation(operation, arg.invoke(arguments))
+    public override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: Expression<T>) -> Expression<T> = { arg ->
+        Expression { arguments -> algebra.unaryOperationFunction(operation)(arg.invoke(arguments)) }
    }
 }

@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ public open class FunctionalExpressionSpace<T, A : Space<T>>(algebra: A) :
     * Builds an Expression of addition of two another expressions.
     */
    public override fun add(a: Expression<T>, b: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        binaryOperation(SpaceOperations.PLUS_OPERATION, a, b)
+        binaryOperationFunction(SpaceOperations.PLUS_OPERATION)(a, b)

    /**
     * Builds an Expression of multiplication of expression by number.
@ -66,11 +64,11 @@ public open class FunctionalExpressionSpace<T, A : Space<T>>(algebra: A) :
    public operator fun T.plus(arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> = arg + this
    public operator fun T.minus(arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> = arg - this

-    public override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        super<FunctionalExpressionAlgebra>.unaryOperation(operation, arg)
+    public override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: Expression<T>) -> Expression<T> =
+        super<FunctionalExpressionAlgebra>.unaryOperationFunction(operation)

-    public override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        super<FunctionalExpressionAlgebra>.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>) -> Expression<T> =
+        super<FunctionalExpressionAlgebra>.binaryOperationFunction(operation)
 }

 public open class FunctionalExpressionRing<T, A>(algebra: A) : FunctionalExpressionSpace<T, A>(algebra),
@ -82,16 +80,16 @@ public open class FunctionalExpressionRing<T, A>(algebra: A) : FunctionalExpress
     * Builds an Expression of multiplication of two expressions.
     */
    public override fun multiply(a: Expression<T>, b: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        binaryOperation(RingOperations.TIMES_OPERATION, a, b)
+        binaryOperationFunction(RingOperations.TIMES_OPERATION)(a, b)

    public operator fun Expression<T>.times(arg: T): Expression<T> = this * const(arg)
    public operator fun T.times(arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> = arg * this

-    public override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        super<FunctionalExpressionSpace>.unaryOperation(operation, arg)
+    public override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: Expression<T>) -> Expression<T> =
+        super<FunctionalExpressionSpace>.unaryOperationFunction(operation)

-    public override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        super<FunctionalExpressionSpace>.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>) -> Expression<T> =
+        super<FunctionalExpressionSpace>.binaryOperationFunction(operation)
 }

 public open class FunctionalExpressionField<T, A>(algebra: A) :
@ -101,49 +99,49 @@ public open class FunctionalExpressionField<T, A>(algebra: A) :
     * Builds an Expression of division an expression by another one.
     */
    public override fun divide(a: Expression<T>, b: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        binaryOperation(FieldOperations.DIV_OPERATION, a, b)
+        binaryOperationFunction(FieldOperations.DIV_OPERATION)(a, b)

    public operator fun Expression<T>.div(arg: T): Expression<T> = this / const(arg)
    public operator fun T.div(arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> = arg / this

-    public override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        super<FunctionalExpressionRing>.unaryOperation(operation, arg)
+    public override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: Expression<T>) -> Expression<T> =
+        super<FunctionalExpressionRing>.unaryOperationFunction(operation)

-    public override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        super<FunctionalExpressionRing>.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>) -> Expression<T> =
+        super<FunctionalExpressionRing>.binaryOperationFunction(operation)
 }

 public open class FunctionalExpressionExtendedField<T, A>(algebra: A) :
    FunctionalExpressionField<T, A>(algebra),
    ExtendedField<Expression<T>> where A : ExtendedField<T>, A : NumericAlgebra<T> {
    public override fun sin(arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        unaryOperation(TrigonometricOperations.SIN_OPERATION, arg)
+        unaryOperationFunction(TrigonometricOperations.SIN_OPERATION)(arg)

    public override fun cos(arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        unaryOperation(TrigonometricOperations.COS_OPERATION, arg)
+        unaryOperationFunction(TrigonometricOperations.COS_OPERATION)(arg)

    public override fun asin(arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        unaryOperation(TrigonometricOperations.ASIN_OPERATION, arg)
+        unaryOperationFunction(TrigonometricOperations.ASIN_OPERATION)(arg)

    public override fun acos(arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        unaryOperation(TrigonometricOperations.ACOS_OPERATION, arg)
+        unaryOperationFunction(TrigonometricOperations.ACOS_OPERATION)(arg)

    public override fun atan(arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        unaryOperation(TrigonometricOperations.ATAN_OPERATION, arg)
+        unaryOperationFunction(TrigonometricOperations.ATAN_OPERATION)(arg)

    public override fun power(arg: Expression<T>, pow: Number): Expression<T> =
-        binaryOperation(PowerOperations.POW_OPERATION, arg, number(pow))
+        binaryOperationFunction(PowerOperations.POW_OPERATION)(arg, number(pow))

    public override fun exp(arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        unaryOperation(ExponentialOperations.EXP_OPERATION, arg)
+        unaryOperationFunction(ExponentialOperations.EXP_OPERATION)(arg)

-    public override fun ln(arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> = unaryOperation(ExponentialOperations.LN_OPERATION, arg)
+    public override fun ln(arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> = unaryOperationFunction(ExponentialOperations.LN_OPERATION)(arg)

-    public override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        super<FunctionalExpressionField>.unaryOperation(operation, arg)
+    public override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: Expression<T>) -> Expression<T> =
+        super<FunctionalExpressionField>.unaryOperationFunction(operation)

-    public override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
-        super<FunctionalExpressionField>.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>) -> Expression<T> =
+        super<FunctionalExpressionField>.binaryOperationFunction(operation)
 }

 public inline fun <T, A : Space<T>> A.expressionInSpace(block: FunctionalExpressionSpace<T, A>.() -> Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/linear/MatrixContext.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/linear/MatrixContext.kt
@ -19,10 +19,11 @@ public interface MatrixContext<T : Any, out M : Matrix<T>> : SpaceOperations<Mat
    public fun produce(rows: Int, columns: Int, initializer: (i: Int, j: Int) -> T): M

    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
-    public override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: Matrix<T>, right: Matrix<T>): M = when (operation) {
-        "dot" -> left dot right
-        else -> super.binaryOperation(operation, left, right) as M
-    }
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: Matrix<T>, right: Matrix<T>) -> M =
+        when (operation) {
+            "dot" -> { left, right -> left dot right }
+            else -> super.binaryOperationFunction(operation) as (Matrix<T>, Matrix<T>) -> M
+        }

    /**
     * Computes the dot product of this matrix and another one.
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/operations/Algebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/operations/Algebra.kt
@ -13,19 +13,79 @@ public annotation class KMathContext
 */
 public interface Algebra<T> {
    /**
-     * Wrap raw string or variable
+     * Wraps a raw string to [T] object. This method is designed for three purposes:
+     *
+     * 1. Mathematical constants (`e`, `pi`).
+     * 2. Variables for expression-like contexts (`a`, `b`, `c`...).
+     * 3. Literals (`{1, 2}`, (`(3; 4)`)).
+     *
+     * In case if algebra can't parse the string, this method must throw [kotlin.IllegalStateException].
+     *
+     * @param value the raw string.
+     * @return an object.
     */
    public fun symbol(value: String): T = error("Wrapping of '$value' is not supported in $this")

    /**
-     * Dynamic call of unary operation with name [operation] on [arg]
+     * Dynamically dispatches an unary operation with the certain name.
+     *
+     * This function must follow two properties:
+     *
+     * 1. In case if operation is not defined in the structure, the function throws [kotlin.IllegalStateException].
+     * 2. This function is symmetric with second `unaryOperation` overload:
+     * i.e. `unaryOperationFunction(a)(b) == unaryOperation(a, b)`.
+     *
+     * @param operation the name of operation.
+     * @return an operation.
     */
-    public fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: T): T
+    public fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: T) -> T =
+        error("Unary operation $operation not defined in $this")

    /**
-     * Dynamic call of binary operation [operation] on [left] and [right]
+     * Dynamically invokes an unary operation with the certain name.
+     *
+     * This function must follow two properties:
+     *
+     * 1. In case if operation is not defined in the structure, the function throws [kotlin.IllegalStateException].
+     * 2. This function is symmetric with second [unaryOperationFunction] overload:
+     * i.e. `unaryOperationFunction(a)(b) == unaryOperation(a, b)`.
+     *
+     * @param operation the name of operation.
+     * @param arg the argument of operation.
+     * @return a result of operation.
     */
-    public fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: T, right: T): T
+    public fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: T): T = unaryOperationFunction(operation)(arg)
+
+    /**
+     * Dynamically dispatches a binary operation with the certain name.
+     *
+     * This function must follow two properties:
+     *
+     * 1. In case if operation is not defined in the structure, the function throws [kotlin.IllegalStateException].
+     * 2. This function is symmetric with second [binaryOperationFunction] overload:
+     * i.e. `binaryOperationFunction(a)(b, c) == binaryOperation(a, b, c)`.
+     *
+     * @param operation the name of operation.
+     * @return an operation.
+     */
+    public fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: T, right: T) -> T =
+        error("Binary operation $operation not defined in $this")
+
+    /**
+     * Dynamically invokes a binary operation with the certain name.
+     *
+     * This function must follow two properties:
+     *
+     * 1. In case if operation is not defined in the structure, the function throws [kotlin.IllegalStateException].
+     * 2. This function is symmetric with second [binaryOperationFunction] overload:
+     * i.e. `binaryOperationFunction(a)(b, c) == binaryOperation(a, b, c)`.
+     *
+     * @param operation the name of operation.
+     * @param left the first argument of operation.
+     * @param right the second argument of operation.
+     * @return a result of operation.
+     */
+    public fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: T, right: T): T = binaryOperationFunction(operation)(left, right)
 }

 /**
@ -35,21 +95,76 @@ public interface Algebra<T> {
 */
 public interface NumericAlgebra<T> : Algebra<T> {
    /**
-     * Wraps a number.
+     * Wraps a number to [T] object.
+     *
+     * @param value the number to wrap.
+     * @return an object.
     */
    public fun number(value: Number): T

    /**
-     * Dynamic call of binary operation [operation] on [left] and [right] where left element is [Number].
+     * Dynamically dispatches a binary operation with the certain name with numeric first argument.
+     *
+     * This function must follow two properties:
+     *
+     * 1. In case if operation is not defined in the structure, the function throws [kotlin.IllegalStateException].
+     * 2. This function is symmetric with the other [leftSideNumberOperation] overload:
+     * i.e. `leftSideNumberOperationFunction(a)(b, c) == leftSideNumberOperation(a, b)`.
+     *
+     * @param operation the name of operation.
+     * @return an operation.
     */
-    public fun leftSideNumberOperation(operation: String, left: Number, right: T): T =
-        binaryOperation(operation, number(left), right)
+    public fun leftSideNumberOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: Number, right: T) -> T =
+        { l, r -> binaryOperationFunction(operation)(number(l), r) }

    /**
-     * Dynamic call of binary operation [operation] on [left] and [right] where right element is [Number].
+     * Dynamically invokes a binary operation with the certain name with numeric first argument.
+     *
+     * This function must follow two properties:
+     *
+     * 1. In case if operation is not defined in the structure, the function throws [kotlin.IllegalStateException].
+     * 2. This function is symmetric with second [leftSideNumberOperation] overload:
+     * i.e. `leftSideNumberOperationFunction(a)(b, c) == leftSideNumberOperation(a, b, c)`.
+     *
+     * @param operation the name of operation.
+     * @param left the first argument of operation.
+     * @param right the second argument of operation.
+     * @return a result of operation.
+     */
+    public fun leftSideNumberOperation(operation: String, left: Number, right: T): T =
+        leftSideNumberOperationFunction(operation)(left, right)
+
+    /**
+     * Dynamically dispatches a binary operation with the certain name with numeric first argument.
+     *
+     * This function must follow two properties:
+     *
+     * 1. In case if operation is not defined in the structure, the function throws [kotlin.IllegalStateException].
+     * 2. This function is symmetric with the other [rightSideNumberOperationFunction] overload:
+     * i.e. `rightSideNumberOperationFunction(a)(b, c) == leftSideNumberOperation(a, b, c)`.
+     *
+     * @param operation the name of operation.
+     * @return an operation.
+     */
+    public fun rightSideNumberOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: T, right: Number) -> T =
+        { l, r -> binaryOperationFunction(operation)(l, number(r)) }
+
+    /**
+     * Dynamically invokes a binary operation with the certain name with numeric second argument.
+     *
+     * This function must follow two properties:
+     *
+     * 1. In case if operation is not defined in the structure, the function throws [kotlin.IllegalStateException].
+     * 2. This function is symmetric with the other [rightSideNumberOperationFunction] overload:
+     * i.e. `rightSideNumberOperationFunction(a)(b, c) == rightSideNumberOperation(a, b, c)`.
+     *
+     * @param operation the name of operation.
+     * @param left the first argument of operation.
+     * @param right the second argument of operation.
+     * @return a result of operation.
     */
    public fun rightSideNumberOperation(operation: String, left: T, right: Number): T =
-        leftSideNumberOperation(operation, right, left)
+        rightSideNumberOperationFunction(operation)(left, right)
 }

 /**
@ -146,26 +261,26 @@ public interface SpaceOperations<T> : Algebra<T> {
     */
    public operator fun Number.times(b: T): T = b * this

-    override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: T): T = when (operation) {
-        PLUS_OPERATION -> arg
-        MINUS_OPERATION -> -arg
-        else -> error("Unary operation $operation not defined in $this")
+    public override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: T) -> T = when (operation) {
+        PLUS_OPERATION -> { arg -> arg }
+        MINUS_OPERATION -> { arg -> -arg }
+        else -> super.unaryOperationFunction(operation)
    }

-    override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: T, right: T): T = when (operation) {
-        PLUS_OPERATION -> add(left, right)
-        MINUS_OPERATION -> left - right
-        else -> error("Binary operation $operation not defined in $this")
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: T, right: T) -> T = when (operation) {
+        PLUS_OPERATION -> ::add
+        MINUS_OPERATION -> { left, right -> left - right }
+        else -> super.binaryOperationFunction(operation)
    }

    public companion object {
        /**
-         * The identifier of addition.
+         * The identifier of addition and unary positive operator.
         */
        public const val PLUS_OPERATION: String = "+"

        /**
-         * The identifier of subtraction (and negation).
+         * The identifier of subtraction and unary negative operator.
         */
        public const val MINUS_OPERATION: String = "-"
    }
@ -207,9 +322,9 @@ public interface RingOperations<T> : SpaceOperations<T> {
     */
    public operator fun T.times(b: T): T = multiply(this, b)

-    override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: T, right: T): T = when (operation) {
-        TIMES_OPERATION -> multiply(left, right)
-        else -> super.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: T, right: T) -> T = when (operation) {
+        TIMES_OPERATION -> ::multiply
+        else -> super.binaryOperationFunction(operation)
    }

    public companion object {
@ -232,21 +347,7 @@ public interface Ring<T> : Space<T>, RingOperations<T>, NumericAlgebra<T> {
     */
    public val one: T

-    override fun number(value: Number): T = one * value.toDouble()
-
-    override fun leftSideNumberOperation(operation: String, left: Number, right: T): T = when (operation) {
-        SpaceOperations.PLUS_OPERATION -> left + right
-        SpaceOperations.MINUS_OPERATION -> left - right
-        RingOperations.TIMES_OPERATION -> left * right
-        else -> super.leftSideNumberOperation(operation, left, right)
-    }
-
-    override fun rightSideNumberOperation(operation: String, left: T, right: Number): T = when (operation) {
-        SpaceOperations.PLUS_OPERATION -> left + right
-        SpaceOperations.MINUS_OPERATION -> left - right
-        RingOperations.TIMES_OPERATION -> left * right
-        else -> super.rightSideNumberOperation(operation, left, right)
-    }
+    public override fun number(value: Number): T = one * value.toDouble()

    /**
     * Addition of element and scalar.
@ -308,9 +409,9 @@ public interface FieldOperations<T> : RingOperations<T> {
     */
    public operator fun T.div(b: T): T = divide(this, b)

-    override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: T, right: T): T = when (operation) {
-        DIV_OPERATION -> divide(left, right)
-        else -> super.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: T, right: T) -> T = when (operation) {
+        DIV_OPERATION -> ::divide
+        else -> super.binaryOperationFunction(operation)
    }

    public companion object {
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/operations/NumberAlgebra.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/operations/NumberAlgebra.kt
@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package kscience.kmath.operations

-import kotlin.math.abs
 import kotlin.math.pow as kpow

 /**
@ -15,23 +14,23 @@ public interface ExtendedFieldOperations<T> :
    public override fun tan(arg: T): T = sin(arg) / cos(arg)
    public override fun tanh(arg: T): T = sinh(arg) / cosh(arg)

-    public override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: T): T = when (operation) {
-        TrigonometricOperations.COS_OPERATION -> cos(arg)
-        TrigonometricOperations.SIN_OPERATION -> sin(arg)
-        TrigonometricOperations.TAN_OPERATION -> tan(arg)
-        TrigonometricOperations.ACOS_OPERATION -> acos(arg)
-        TrigonometricOperations.ASIN_OPERATION -> asin(arg)
-        TrigonometricOperations.ATAN_OPERATION -> atan(arg)
-        HyperbolicOperations.COSH_OPERATION -> cosh(arg)
-        HyperbolicOperations.SINH_OPERATION -> sinh(arg)
-        HyperbolicOperations.TANH_OPERATION -> tanh(arg)
-        HyperbolicOperations.ACOSH_OPERATION -> acosh(arg)
-        HyperbolicOperations.ASINH_OPERATION -> asinh(arg)
-        HyperbolicOperations.ATANH_OPERATION -> atanh(arg)
-        PowerOperations.SQRT_OPERATION -> sqrt(arg)
-        ExponentialOperations.EXP_OPERATION -> exp(arg)
-        ExponentialOperations.LN_OPERATION -> ln(arg)
-        else -> super.unaryOperation(operation, arg)
+    public override fun unaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (arg: T) -> T = when (operation) {
+        TrigonometricOperations.COS_OPERATION -> ::cos
+        TrigonometricOperations.SIN_OPERATION -> ::sin
+        TrigonometricOperations.TAN_OPERATION -> ::tan
+        TrigonometricOperations.ACOS_OPERATION -> ::acos
+        TrigonometricOperations.ASIN_OPERATION -> ::asin
+        TrigonometricOperations.ATAN_OPERATION -> ::atan
+        HyperbolicOperations.COSH_OPERATION -> ::cosh
+        HyperbolicOperations.SINH_OPERATION -> ::sinh
+        HyperbolicOperations.TANH_OPERATION -> ::tanh
+        HyperbolicOperations.ACOSH_OPERATION -> ::acosh
+        HyperbolicOperations.ASINH_OPERATION -> ::asinh
+        HyperbolicOperations.ATANH_OPERATION -> ::atanh
+        PowerOperations.SQRT_OPERATION -> ::sqrt
+        ExponentialOperations.EXP_OPERATION -> ::exp
+        ExponentialOperations.LN_OPERATION -> ::ln
+        else -> super<FieldOperations>.unaryOperationFunction(operation)
    }
 }

@ -46,10 +45,11 @@ public interface ExtendedField<T> : ExtendedFieldOperations<T>, Field<T> {
    public override fun acosh(arg: T): T = ln(arg + sqrt((arg - one) * (arg + one)))
    public override fun atanh(arg: T): T = (ln(arg + one) - ln(one - arg)) / 2

-    public override fun rightSideNumberOperation(operation: String, left: T, right: Number): T = when (operation) {
-        PowerOperations.POW_OPERATION -> power(left, right)
-        else -> super.rightSideNumberOperation(operation, left, right)
-    }
+    public override fun rightSideNumberOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: T, right: Number) -> T =
+        when (operation) {
+            PowerOperations.POW_OPERATION -> ::power
+            else -> super.rightSideNumberOperationFunction(operation)
+        }
 }

 /**
@ -80,10 +80,11 @@ public object RealField : ExtendedField<Double>, Norm<Double, Double> {
    public override val one: Double
        get() = 1.0

-    public override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: Double, right: Double): Double = when (operation) {
-        PowerOperations.POW_OPERATION -> left pow right
-        else -> super.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
-    }
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: Double, right: Double) -> Double =
+        when (operation) {
+            PowerOperations.POW_OPERATION -> ::power
+            else -> super.binaryOperationFunction(operation)
+        }

    public override inline fun add(a: Double, b: Double): Double = a + b
    public override inline fun multiply(a: Double, k: Number): Double = a * k.toDouble()
@ -130,9 +131,9 @@ public object FloatField : ExtendedField<Float>, Norm<Float, Float> {
    public override val one: Float
        get() = 1.0f

-    public override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: Float, right: Float): Float = when (operation) {
-        PowerOperations.POW_OPERATION -> left pow right
-        else -> super.binaryOperation(operation, left, right)
+    public override fun binaryOperationFunction(operation: String): (left: Float, right: Float) -> Float = when (operation) {
+        PowerOperations.POW_OPERATION -> ::power
+        else -> super.binaryOperationFunction(operation)
    }

    public override inline fun add(a: Float, b: Float): Float = a + b
@ -247,10 +248,10 @@ public object ByteRing : Ring<Byte>, Norm<Byte, Byte> {
@Suppress("EXTENSION_SHADOWED_BY_MEMBER", "OVERRIDE_BY_INLINE", "NOTHING_TO_INLINE")
 public object LongRing : Ring<Long>, Norm<Long, Long> {
    public override val zero: Long
-        get() = 0
+        get() = 0L

    public override val one: Long
-        get() = 1
+        get() = 1L

    public override inline fun add(a: Long, b: Long): Long = a + b
    public override inline fun multiply(a: Long, k: Number): Long = a * k.toLong()
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/operations/internal/FieldVerifier.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/operations/internal/FieldVerifier.kt
@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ internal class FieldVerifier<T>(override val algebra: Field<T>, a: T, b: T, c: T
        super.verify()

        algebra {
+            assertEquals(a + b, b + a, "Addition in $algebra is not commutative.")
+            assertEquals(a * b, b * a, "Multiplication in $algebra is not commutative.")
            assertNotEquals(a / b, b / a, "Division in $algebra is not anti-commutative.")
            assertNotEquals((a / b) / c, a / (b / c), "Division in $algebra is associative.")
            assertEquals((a + b) / c, (a / c) + (b / c), "Division in $algebra is not right-distributive.")
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/operations/internal/RingVerifier.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/operations/internal/RingVerifier.kt
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ internal open class RingVerifier<T>(override val algebra: Ring<T>, a: T, b: T, c
        super.verify()

        algebra {
-            assertEquals(a * b, a * b, "Multiplication in $algebra is not commutative.")
+            assertEquals(a + b, b + a, "Addition in $algebra is not commutative.")
            assertEquals(a * b * c, a * (b * c), "Multiplication in $algebra is not associative.")
            assertEquals(c * (a + b), (c * a) + (c * b), "Multiplication in $algebra is not distributive.")
            assertEquals(a * one, one * a, "$one in $algebra is not a neutral multiplication element.")
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/operations/internal/SpaceVerifier.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/operations/internal/SpaceVerifier.kt
@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ internal open class SpaceVerifier<T>(
    AlgebraicVerifier<T, Space<T>> {
    override fun verify() {
        algebra {
-            assertEquals(a + b, b + a, "Addition in $algebra is not commutative.")
            assertEquals(a + b + c, a + (b + c), "Addition in $algebra is not associative.")
            assertEquals(x * (a + b), x * a + x * b, "Addition in $algebra is not distributive.")
            assertEquals((a + b) * x, a * x + b * x, "Addition in $algebra is not distributive.")
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/structures/NDFieldTest.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonTest/kotlin/kscience/kmath/structures/NDFieldTest.kt
@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
 package kscience.kmath.structures

+import kscience.kmath.operations.internal.FieldVerifier
+import kscience.kmath.operations.invoke
 import kotlin.test.Test
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals

+internal class NDFieldTest {
+    @Test
+    fun verify() {
+        (NDField.real(12, 32)) { FieldVerifier(this, one + 3, one - 23, one * 12, 6.66) }
+    }

-class NDFieldTest {
    @Test
    fun testStrides() {
        val ndArray = NDElement.real(intArrayOf(10, 10)) { (it[0] + it[1]).toDouble() }
--- a/kmath-for-real/README.md
+++ b/kmath-for-real/README.md
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/mipt-npm/kscience' }
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/mipt-npm/dev' }
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/hotkeytlt/maven' }
-
+> 
 > }
 > 
 > dependencies {
--- a/kmath-nd4j/README.md
+++ b/kmath-nd4j/README.md
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ This subproject implements the following features:
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/mipt-npm/kscience' }
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/mipt-npm/dev' }
 >     maven { url 'https://dl.bintray.com/hotkeytlt/maven' }
-
+> 
 > }
 > 
 > dependencies {
--- a/settings.gradle.kts
+++ b/settings.gradle.kts
@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ pluginManagement {
        maven("https://dl.bintray.com/kotlin/kotlinx")
    }

-    val toolsVersion = "0.7.0"
-    val kotlinVersion = "1.4.20"
+    val toolsVersion = "0.7.1"
+    val kotlinVersion = "1.4.21"

    plugins {
        id("kotlinx.benchmark") version "0.2.0-dev-20"