diff --git a/benchmarks/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDStructureBenchmark.kt b/benchmarks/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDFieldBenchmark.kt
similarity index 95%
rename from benchmarks/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDStructureBenchmark.kt
rename to benchmarks/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDFieldBenchmark.kt
index 77f0a2737..fcacc44f5 100644
--- a/benchmarks/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDStructureBenchmark.kt
+++ b/benchmarks/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDFieldBenchmark.kt
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ import kotlin.system.measureTimeMillis
 
 fun main(args: Array<String>) {
     val dim = 1000
-    val n = 100
+    val n = 1000
 
-    val bufferedField = NDField.buffered(intArrayOf(dim, dim), RealField)
+    val bufferedField = NDField.auto(intArrayOf(dim, dim), RealField)
     val specializedField = NDField.real(intArrayOf(dim, dim))
     val genericField = NDField.generic(intArrayOf(dim, dim), RealField)
     val lazyNDField = NDField.lazy(intArrayOf(dim, dim), RealField)
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ fun main(args: Array<String>) {
 //    }
 
 
-
     val doubleTime = measureTimeMillis {
 
         bufferedField.run {
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/linear/Matrix.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/linear/Matrix.kt
index 63c78973a..1fc48264a 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/linear/Matrix.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/linear/Matrix.kt
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ interface MatrixSpace<T : Any, R : Ring<T>> : Space<Matrix<T, R>> {
          * Automatic buffered matrix, unboxed if it is possible
          */
         inline fun <reified T : Any, R : Ring<T>> smart(rows: Int, columns: Int, ring: R): MatrixSpace<T, R> =
-            buffered(rows, columns, ring, ::inlineBuffer)
+            buffered(rows, columns, ring, ::autoBuffer)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/linear/Vector.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/linear/Vector.kt
index 9aaa28203..4cbed0b42 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/linear/Vector.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/linear/Vector.kt
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ interface VectorSpace<T : Any, S : Space<T>> : Space<Point<T>> {
          * Automatic buffered vector, unboxed if it is possible
          */
         inline fun <reified T : Any, S : Space<T>> smart(size: Int, space: S): VectorSpace<T, S> =
-            buffered(size, space, ::inlineBuffer)
+            buffered(size, space, ::autoBuffer)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/BufferNDField.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/BufferNDField.kt
index ec9268b21..60b0e9869 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/BufferNDField.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/BufferNDField.kt
@@ -8,6 +8,20 @@ abstract class StridedNDField<T, F : Field<T>>(shape: IntArray, elementField: F)
     val strides = DefaultStrides(shape)
 
     abstract fun buildBuffer(size: Int, initializer: (Int) -> T): Buffer<T>
+
+    /**
+     * Convert any [NDStructure] to buffered structure using strides from this context.
+     * If the structure is already [NDBuffer], conversion is free. If not, it could be expensive because iteration over indexes
+     *
+     * If the argument is [NDBuffer] with different strides structure, the new element will be produced.
+     */
+    fun NDStructure<T>.toBuffer(): NDBuffer<T> {
+        return if (this is NDBuffer<T> && this.strides == this@StridedNDField.strides) {
+            this
+        } else {
+            produce { index -> get(index) }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 
@@ -26,29 +40,26 @@ class BufferNDField<T, F : Field<T>>(
     override val zero by lazy { produce { zero } }
     override val one by lazy { produce { one } }
 
-    @Suppress("OVERRIDE_BY_INLINE")
-    override inline fun produce(crossinline initializer: F.(IntArray) -> T): BufferNDElement<T, F> =
+    override fun produce(initializer: F.(IntArray) -> T): BufferNDElement<T, F> =
         BufferNDElement(
             this,
-            bufferFactory(strides.linearSize) { offset -> elementField.initializer(strides.index(offset)) })
+            buildBuffer(strides.linearSize) { offset -> elementField.initializer(strides.index(offset)) })
 
-    @Suppress("OVERRIDE_BY_INLINE")
-    override inline fun map(arg: NDBuffer<T>, crossinline transform: F.(T) -> T): BufferNDElement<T, F> {
+    override fun map(arg: NDBuffer<T>, transform: F.(T) -> T): BufferNDElement<T, F> {
         check(arg)
         return BufferNDElement(
             this,
-            bufferFactory(arg.strides.linearSize) { offset -> elementField.transform(arg.buffer[offset]) })
+            buildBuffer(arg.strides.linearSize) { offset -> elementField.transform(arg.buffer[offset]) })
     }
 
-    @Suppress("OVERRIDE_BY_INLINE")
-    override inline fun mapIndexed(
+    override fun mapIndexed(
         arg: NDBuffer<T>,
-        crossinline transform: F.(index: IntArray, T) -> T
+        transform: F.(index: IntArray, T) -> T
     ): BufferNDElement<T, F> {
         check(arg)
         return BufferNDElement(
             this,
-            bufferFactory(arg.strides.linearSize) { offset ->
+            buildBuffer(arg.strides.linearSize) { offset ->
                 elementField.transform(
                     arg.strides.index(offset),
                     arg.buffer[offset]
@@ -56,30 +67,15 @@ class BufferNDField<T, F : Field<T>>(
             })
     }
 
-    @Suppress("OVERRIDE_BY_INLINE")
-    override inline fun combine(
+    override fun combine(
         a: NDBuffer<T>,
         b: NDBuffer<T>,
-        crossinline transform: F.(T, T) -> T
+        transform: F.(T, T) -> T
     ): BufferNDElement<T, F> {
         check(a, b)
         return BufferNDElement(
             this,
-            bufferFactory(strides.linearSize) { offset -> elementField.transform(a.buffer[offset], b.buffer[offset]) })
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Convert any [NDStructure] to buffered structure using strides from this context.
-     * If the structure is already [NDBuffer], conversion is free. If not, it could be expensive because iteration over indexes
-     *
-     * If the argument is [NDBuffer] with different strides structure, the new element will be produced.
-     */
-    fun NDStructure<T>.toBuffer(): NDBuffer<T> {
-        return if (this is NDBuffer<T> && this.strides == this@BufferNDField.strides) {
-            this
-        } else {
-            produce { index -> get(index) }
-        }
+            buildBuffer(strides.linearSize) { offset -> elementField.transform(a.buffer[offset], b.buffer[offset]) })
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/Buffers.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/Buffers.kt
index e3ca79558..2c08427b3 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/Buffers.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/Buffers.kt
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ inline fun <T> boxingBuffer(size: Int, initializer: (Int) -> T): Buffer<T> = Lis
  * Create most appropriate immutable buffer for given type avoiding boxing wherever possible
  */
 @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
-inline fun <reified T : Any> inlineBuffer(size: Int, initializer: (Int) -> T): Buffer<T> {
+inline fun <reified T : Any> autoBuffer(size: Int, initializer: (Int) -> T): Buffer<T> {
     return when (T::class) {
         Double::class -> DoubleBuffer(DoubleArray(size) { initializer(it) as Double }) as Buffer<T>
         Int::class -> IntBuffer(IntArray(size) { initializer(it) as Int }) as Buffer<T>
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ inline fun <T : Any> boxingMutableBuffer(size: Int, initializer: (Int) -> T): Mu
  * Create most appropriate mutable buffer for given type avoiding boxing wherever possible
  */
 @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
-inline fun <reified T : Any> inlineMutableBuffer(size: Int, initializer: (Int) -> T): MutableBuffer<T> {
+inline fun <reified T : Any> autoMutableBuffer(size: Int, initializer: (Int) -> T): MutableBuffer<T> {
     return when (T::class) {
         Double::class -> DoubleBuffer(DoubleArray(size) { initializer(it) as Double }) as MutableBuffer<T>
         Int::class -> IntBuffer(IntArray(size) { initializer(it) as Int }) as MutableBuffer<T>
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDElement.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDElement.kt
index 4bed26510..6beea1a04 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDElement.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDElement.kt
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ object NDElements {
         noinline initializer: F.(IntArray) -> T
     ): GenericNDElement<T, F> {
         val ndField = GenericNDField(shape, field)
-        val structure = ndStructure(shape, ::inlineBuffer) { index -> field.initializer(index) }
+        val structure = ndStructure(shape, ::autoBuffer) { index -> field.initializer(index) }
         return GenericNDElement(ndField, structure)
     }
 }
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDField.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDField.kt
index dde406c51..9ed82faa1 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDField.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDField.kt
@@ -71,10 +71,11 @@ interface NDField<T, F : Field<T>, N : NDStructure<T>> : Field<N> {
         fun <T : Any, F : Field<T>> generic(shape: IntArray, field: F) = GenericNDField(shape, field)
 
         /**
-         * Create a most suitable implementation for nd-field using reified class
+         * Create a most suitable implementation for nd-field using reified class.
          */
-        inline fun <reified T : Any, F : Field<T>> buffered(shape: IntArray, field: F) =
-            BufferNDField(shape, field, ::inlineBuffer)
+        inline fun <reified T : Any, F : Field<T>> auto(shape: IntArray, field: F): BufferNDField<T, F> {
+            return BufferNDField(shape, field, ::autoBuffer)
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDStructure.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDStructure.kt
index 617c99a9d..0852271e4 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDStructure.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/NDStructure.kt
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ data class BufferNDStructure<T>(
  * Transform structure to a new structure using provided [BufferFactory] and optimizing if argument is [BufferNDStructure]
  */
 inline fun <T, reified R : Any> NDStructure<T>.mapToBuffer(
-    factory: BufferFactory<R> = ::inlineBuffer,
+    factory: BufferFactory<R> = ::autoBuffer,
     crossinline transform: (T) -> R
 ): BufferNDStructure<R> {
     return if (this is BufferNDStructure<T>) {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ fun <T> ndStructure(strides: Strides, bufferFactory: BufferFactory<T> = ::boxing
  * Inline create NDStructure with non-boxing buffer implementation if it is possible
  */
 inline fun <reified T : Any> inlineNDStructure(strides: Strides, crossinline initializer: (IntArray) -> T) =
-    BufferNDStructure(strides, inlineBuffer(strides.linearSize) { i -> initializer(strides.index(i)) })
+    BufferNDStructure(strides, autoBuffer(strides.linearSize) { i -> initializer(strides.index(i)) })
 
 fun <T> ndStructure(shape: IntArray, bufferFactory: BufferFactory<T> = ::boxingBuffer, initializer: (IntArray) -> T) =
     ndStructure(DefaultStrides(shape), bufferFactory, initializer)
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ inline fun <reified T : Any> inlineNdStructure(shape: IntArray, crossinline init
     inlineNDStructure(DefaultStrides(shape), initializer)
 
 /**
- * Mutable ND buffer based on linear [inlineBuffer]
+ * Mutable ND buffer based on linear [autoBuffer]
  */
 class MutableBufferNDStructure<T>(
     override val strides: Strides,
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ fun <T : Any> mutableNdStructure(
     MutableBufferNDStructure(strides, bufferFactory(strides.linearSize) { i -> initializer(strides.index(i)) })
 
 inline fun <reified T : Any> inlineMutableNdStructure(strides: Strides, crossinline initializer: (IntArray) -> T) =
-    MutableBufferNDStructure(strides, inlineMutableBuffer(strides.linearSize) { i -> initializer(strides.index(i)) })
+    MutableBufferNDStructure(strides, autoMutableBuffer(strides.linearSize) { i -> initializer(strides.index(i)) })
 
 fun <T : Any> mutableNdStructure(
     shape: IntArray,
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/RealNDField.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/RealNDField.kt
index 5bd58eb6e..82d399436 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/RealNDField.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/structures/RealNDField.kt
@@ -8,32 +8,30 @@ class RealNDField(shape: IntArray) :
     StridedNDField<Double, RealField>(shape, RealField),
     ExtendedNDField<Double, RealField, NDBuffer<Double>> {
 
-    override fun buildBuffer(size: Int, initializer: (Int) -> Double): Buffer<Double> =
-        DoubleBuffer(DoubleArray(size, initializer))
+    @Suppress("OVERRIDE_BY_INLINE")
+    override inline fun buildBuffer(size: Int, crossinline initializer: (Int) -> Double): Buffer<Double> =
+        DoubleBuffer(DoubleArray(size){initializer(it)})
 
     /**
      * Inline transform an NDStructure to
      */
-    @Suppress("OVERRIDE_BY_INLINE")
-    override inline fun map(
+    override fun map(
         arg: NDBuffer<Double>,
-        crossinline transform: RealField.(Double) -> Double
+        transform: RealField.(Double) -> Double
     ): RealNDElement {
         check(arg)
-        val array = DoubleArray(arg.strides.linearSize) { offset -> RealField.transform(arg.buffer[offset]) }
-        return BufferNDElement(this, DoubleBuffer(array))
+        val array = buildBuffer(arg.strides.linearSize) { offset -> RealField.transform(arg.buffer[offset]) }
+        return BufferNDElement(this, array)
     }
 
-    @Suppress("OVERRIDE_BY_INLINE")
-    override inline fun produce(crossinline initializer: RealField.(IntArray) -> Double): RealNDElement {
-        val array = DoubleArray(strides.linearSize) { offset -> elementField.initializer(strides.index(offset)) }
-        return BufferNDElement(this, DoubleBuffer(array))
+    override fun produce(initializer: RealField.(IntArray) -> Double): RealNDElement {
+        val array = buildBuffer(strides.linearSize) { offset -> elementField.initializer(strides.index(offset)) }
+        return BufferNDElement(this, array)
     }
 
-    @Suppress("OVERRIDE_BY_INLINE")
-    override inline fun mapIndexed(
+    override fun mapIndexed(
         arg: NDBuffer<Double>,
-        crossinline transform: RealField.(index: IntArray, Double) -> Double
+        transform: RealField.(index: IntArray, Double) -> Double
     ): BufferNDElement<Double, RealField> {
         check(arg)
         return BufferNDElement(
@@ -46,11 +44,10 @@ class RealNDField(shape: IntArray) :
             })
     }
 
-    @Suppress("OVERRIDE_BY_INLINE")
-    override inline fun combine(
+    override fun combine(
         a: NDBuffer<Double>,
         b: NDBuffer<Double>,
-        crossinline transform: RealField.(Double, Double) -> Double
+        transform: RealField.(Double, Double) -> Double
     ): BufferNDElement<Double, RealField> {
         check(a, b)
         return BufferNDElement(
@@ -105,4 +102,4 @@ operator fun RealNDElement.plus(arg: Double) =
  * Subtraction operation between [BufferNDElement] and single element
  */
 operator fun RealNDElement.minus(arg: Double) =
-    context.produceInline { i -> buffer[i] - arg }
+    context.produceInline { i -> buffer[i] - arg }
\ No newline at end of file