diff --git a/kmath-ast/build.gradle.kts b/kmath-ast/build.gradle.kts
index df876df10..a0afcdc4f 100644
--- a/kmath-ast/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/kmath-ast/build.gradle.kts
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ kotlin.sourceSets {
             implementation("org.ow2.asm:asm:8.0.1")
             implementation("org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:8.0.1")
             implementation("com.github.h0tk3y.betterParse:better-parse:0.4.0")
-            implementation(kotlin("reflect"))
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/asm.kt b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/asm.kt
index 53425e7e3..00b9caf15 100644
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/asm.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/asm.kt
@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ import kscience.kmath.asm.internal.buildAlgebraOperationCall
 import kscience.kmath.asm.internal.buildName
 import kscience.kmath.ast.MST
 import kscience.kmath.ast.MstExpression
+import kscience.kmath.ast.mstInSpace
 import kscience.kmath.expressions.Expression
+import kscience.kmath.expressions.invoke
 import kscience.kmath.operations.Algebra
-import kotlin.reflect.KClass
+import kscience.kmath.operations.RealField
 
 /**
  * Compiles given MST to an Expression using AST compiler.
@@ -18,7 +20,8 @@ import kotlin.reflect.KClass
  * @return the compiled expression.
  * @author Alexander Nozik
  */
-public fun <T : Any> MST.compileWith(type: KClass<T>, algebra: Algebra<T>): Expression<T> {
+@PublishedApi
+internal fun <T : Any> MST.compileWith(type: Class<T>, algebra: Algebra<T>): Expression<T> {
     fun AsmBuilder<T>.visit(node: MST): Unit = when (node) {
         is MST.Symbolic -> {
             val symbol = try {
@@ -61,11 +64,18 @@ public fun <T : Any> MST.compileWith(type: KClass<T>, algebra: Algebra<T>): Expr
  *
  * @author Alexander Nozik.
  */
-public inline fun <reified T : Any> Algebra<T>.expression(mst: MST): Expression<T> = mst.compileWith(T::class, this)
+public inline fun <reified T : Any> Algebra<T>.expression(mst: MST): Expression<T> =
+    mst.compileWith(T::class.java, this)
 
 /**
  * Optimizes performance of an [MstExpression] using ASM codegen.
  *
  * @author Alexander Nozik.
  */
-public inline fun <reified T : Any> MstExpression<T>.compile(): Expression<T> = mst.compileWith(T::class, algebra)
+public inline fun <reified T : Any> MstExpression<T>.compile(): Expression<T> = mst.compileWith(T::class.java, algebra)
+
+public fun main() {
+    val x = RealField.mstInSpace { symbol("x") + number(2.0) }.compile()
+    println(x("x" to 1.0))
+}
+
diff --git a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/AsmBuilder.kt b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/AsmBuilder.kt
index ab2de97aa..06f02a94d 100644
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/AsmBuilder.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/AsmBuilder.kt
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.*
 import org.objectweb.asm.commons.InstructionAdapter
 import java.util.*
 import java.util.stream.Collectors
-import kotlin.reflect.KClass
 
 /**
  * ASM Builder is a structure that abstracts building a class designated to unwrap [MST] to plain Java expression.
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ import kotlin.reflect.KClass
  * @author Iaroslav Postovalov
  */
 internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
-    private val classOfT: KClass<*>,
+    private val classOfT: Class<*>,
     private val algebra: Algebra<T>,
     private val className: String,
     private val invokeLabel0Visitor: AsmBuilder<T>.() -> Unit
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
      * Internal classloader of [AsmBuilder] with alias to define class from byte array.
      */
     private class ClassLoader(parent: java.lang.ClassLoader) : java.lang.ClassLoader(parent) {
-        internal fun defineClass(name: String?, b: ByteArray): Class<*> = defineClass(name, b, 0, b.size)
+        fun defineClass(name: String?, b: ByteArray): Class<*> = defineClass(name, b, 0, b.size)
     }
 
     /**
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
     /**
      * ASM Type for [algebra].
      */
-    private val tAlgebraType: Type = algebra::class.asm
+    private val tAlgebraType: Type = algebra.javaClass.asm
 
     /**
      * ASM type for [T].
@@ -55,16 +54,6 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
      */
     private val classType: Type = Type.getObjectType(className.replace(oldChar = '.', newChar = '/'))!!
 
-    /**
-     * Index of `this` variable in invoke method of the built subclass.
-     */
-    private val invokeThisVar: Int = 0
-
-    /**
-     * Index of `arguments` variable in invoke method of the built subclass.
-     */
-    private val invokeArgumentsVar: Int = 1
-
     /**
      * List of constants to provide to the subclass.
      */
@@ -76,22 +65,22 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
     private lateinit var invokeMethodVisitor: InstructionAdapter
 
     /**
-     * State if this [AsmBuilder] needs to generate constants field.
+     * States whether this [AsmBuilder] needs to generate constants field.
      */
     private var hasConstants: Boolean = true
 
     /**
-     * State if [T] a primitive type, so [AsmBuilder] may generate direct primitive calls.
+     * States whether [T] a primitive type, so [AsmBuilder] may generate direct primitive calls.
      */
     internal var primitiveMode: Boolean = false
 
     /**
-     * Primitive type to apple for specific primitive calls. Use [OBJECT_TYPE], if not in [primitiveMode].
+     * Primitive type to apply for specific primitive calls. Use [OBJECT_TYPE], if not in [primitiveMode].
      */
     internal var primitiveMask: Type = OBJECT_TYPE
 
     /**
-     * Boxed primitive type to apple for specific primitive calls. Use [OBJECT_TYPE], if not in [primitiveMode].
+     * Boxed primitive type to apply for specific primitive calls. Use [OBJECT_TYPE], if not in [primitiveMode].
      */
     internal var primitiveMaskBoxed: Type = OBJECT_TYPE
 
@@ -103,7 +92,7 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
     /**
      * Stack of useful objects types on stack expected by algebra calls.
      */
-    internal val expectationStack: ArrayDeque<Type> = ArrayDeque(listOf(tType))
+    internal val expectationStack: ArrayDeque<Type> = ArrayDeque<Type>(1).also { it.push(tType) }
 
     /**
      * The cache for instance built by this builder.
@@ -361,7 +350,7 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
      * from it).
      */
     private fun loadNumberConstant(value: Number, mustBeBoxed: Boolean) {
-        val boxed = value::class.asm
+        val boxed = value.javaClass.asm
         val primitive = BOXED_TO_PRIMITIVES[boxed]
 
         if (primitive != null) {
@@ -475,17 +464,27 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
     internal fun loadStringConstant(string: String): Unit = invokeMethodVisitor.aconst(string)
 
     internal companion object {
+        /**
+         * Index of `this` variable in invoke method of the built subclass.
+         */
+        private const val invokeThisVar: Int = 0
+
+        /**
+         * Index of `arguments` variable in invoke method of the built subclass.
+         */
+        private const val invokeArgumentsVar: Int = 1
+
         /**
          * Maps JVM primitive numbers boxed types to their primitive ASM types.
          */
-        private val SIGNATURE_LETTERS: Map<KClass<out Any>, Type> by lazy {
+        private val SIGNATURE_LETTERS: Map<Class<out Any>, Type> by lazy {
             hashMapOf(
-                java.lang.Byte::class to Type.BYTE_TYPE,
-                java.lang.Short::class to Type.SHORT_TYPE,
-                java.lang.Integer::class to Type.INT_TYPE,
-                java.lang.Long::class to Type.LONG_TYPE,
-                java.lang.Float::class to Type.FLOAT_TYPE,
-                java.lang.Double::class to Type.DOUBLE_TYPE
+                java.lang.Byte::class.java to Type.BYTE_TYPE,
+                java.lang.Short::class.java to Type.SHORT_TYPE,
+                java.lang.Integer::class.java to Type.INT_TYPE,
+                java.lang.Long::class.java to Type.LONG_TYPE,
+                java.lang.Float::class.java to Type.FLOAT_TYPE,
+                java.lang.Double::class.java to Type.DOUBLE_TYPE
             )
         }
 
@@ -523,43 +522,43 @@ internal class AsmBuilder<T> internal constructor(
         /**
          * Provides boxed number types values of which can be stored in JVM bytecode constant pool.
          */
-        private val INLINABLE_NUMBERS: Set<KClass<out Any>> by lazy { SIGNATURE_LETTERS.keys }
+        private val INLINABLE_NUMBERS: Set<Class<out Any>> by lazy { SIGNATURE_LETTERS.keys }
 
         /**
          * ASM type for [Expression].
          */
-        internal val EXPRESSION_TYPE: Type by lazy { Expression::class.asm }
+        internal val EXPRESSION_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("kscience/kmath/expressions/Expression") }
 
         /**
          * ASM type for [java.lang.Number].
          */
-        internal val NUMBER_TYPE: Type by lazy { java.lang.Number::class.asm }
+        internal val NUMBER_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("java/lang/Number") }
 
         /**
          * ASM type for [java.util.Map].
          */
-        internal val MAP_TYPE: Type by lazy { java.util.Map::class.asm }
+        internal val MAP_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("java/util/Map") }
 
         /**
          * ASM type for [java.lang.Object].
          */
-        internal val OBJECT_TYPE: Type by lazy { java.lang.Object::class.asm }
+        internal val OBJECT_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("java/lang/Object") }
 
         /**
          * ASM type for array of [java.lang.Object].
          */
         @Suppress("PLATFORM_CLASS_MAPPED_TO_KOTLIN", "RemoveRedundantQualifierName")
-        internal val OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE: Type by lazy { Array<java.lang.Object>::class.asm }
+        internal val OBJECT_ARRAY_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getType("[Ljava/lang/Object;") }
 
         /**
          * ASM type for [Algebra].
          */
-        internal val ALGEBRA_TYPE: Type by lazy { Algebra::class.asm }
+        internal val ALGEBRA_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("kscience/kmath/operations/Algebra") }
 
         /**
          * ASM type for [java.lang.String].
          */
-        internal val STRING_TYPE: Type by lazy { java.lang.String::class.asm }
+        internal val STRING_TYPE: Type by lazy { Type.getObjectType("java/lang/String") }
 
         /**
          * ASM type for MapIntrinsics.
diff --git a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/codegenUtils.kt b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/codegenUtils.kt
index 67fce40ac..ef9751502 100644
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/codegenUtils.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/asm/internal/codegenUtils.kt
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ import org.objectweb.asm.*
 import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL
 import org.objectweb.asm.commons.InstructionAdapter
 import java.lang.reflect.Method
+import java.util.*
 import kotlin.contracts.InvocationKind
 import kotlin.contracts.contract
-import kotlin.reflect.KClass
 
 private val methodNameAdapters: Map<Pair<String, Int>, String> by lazy {
     hashMapOf(
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ private val methodNameAdapters: Map<Pair<String, Int>, String> by lazy {
 }
 
 /**
- * Returns ASM [Type] for given [KClass].
+ * Returns ASM [Type] for given [Class].
  *
  * @author Iaroslav Postovalov
  */
-internal val KClass<*>.asm: Type
-    get() = Type.getType(java)
+internal inline val Class<*>.asm: Type
+    get() = Type.getType(this)
 
 /**
  * Returns singleton array with this value if the [predicate] is true, returns empty array otherwise.
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ private fun <T> AsmBuilder<T>.buildExpectationStack(
     if (specific != null)
         mapTypes(specific, parameterTypes).reversed().forEach { expectationStack.push(it) }
     else
-        repeat(arity) { expectationStack.push(tType) }
+        expectationStack.addAll(Collections.nCopies(arity, tType))
 
     return specific != null
 }
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ private fun <T> AsmBuilder<T>.tryInvokeSpecific(
     val arity = parameterTypes.size
     val theName = methodNameAdapters[name to arity] ?: name
     val spec = findSpecific(context, theName, parameterTypes) ?: return false
-    val owner = context::class.asm
+    val owner = context.javaClass.asm
 
     invokeAlgebraOperation(
         owner = owner.internalName,
diff --git a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/parser.kt b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/parser.kt
index 15e6625db..94cd3b321 100644
--- a/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/parser.kt
+++ b/kmath-ast/src/jvmMain/kotlin/kscience/kmath/ast/parser.kt
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import com.github.h0tk3y.betterParse.grammar.parser
 import com.github.h0tk3y.betterParse.grammar.tryParseToEnd
 import com.github.h0tk3y.betterParse.lexer.Token
 import com.github.h0tk3y.betterParse.lexer.TokenMatch
+import com.github.h0tk3y.betterParse.lexer.literalToken
 import com.github.h0tk3y.betterParse.lexer.regexToken
 import com.github.h0tk3y.betterParse.parser.ParseResult
 import com.github.h0tk3y.betterParse.parser.Parser
@@ -23,14 +24,14 @@ public object ArithmeticsEvaluator : Grammar<MST>() {
     // TODO replace with "...".toRegex() when better-parse 0.4.1 is released
     private val num: Token by regexToken("[\\d.]+(?:[eE][-+]?\\d+)?")
     private val id: Token by regexToken("[a-z_A-Z][\\da-z_A-Z]*")
-    private val lpar: Token by regexToken("\\(")
-    private val rpar: Token by regexToken("\\)")
-    private val comma: Token by regexToken(",")
-    private val mul: Token by regexToken("\\*")
-    private val pow: Token by regexToken("\\^")
-    private val div: Token by regexToken("/")
-    private val minus: Token by regexToken("-")
-    private val plus: Token by regexToken("\\+")
+    private val lpar: Token by literalToken("(")
+    private val rpar: Token by literalToken(")")
+    private val comma: Token by literalToken(",")
+    private val mul: Token by literalToken("*")
+    private val pow: Token by literalToken("^")
+    private val div: Token by literalToken("/")
+    private val minus: Token by literalToken("-")
+    private val plus: Token by literalToken("+")
     private val ws: Token by regexToken("\\s+", ignore = true)
 
     private val number: Parser<MST> by num use { MST.Numeric(text.toDouble()) }