From 1b6a0a13d8308504d7df6b8673b9c321961d518f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Iaroslav <postovalovya@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2020 00:44:56 +0700
Subject: [PATCH] Completely rework Expression API to expose direct
 unaryOperation and binaryOperation, improve ASM API accordingly

---
 .../kmath/expressions/AsmExpressionSpaces.kt  |  38 ------
 .../kmath/expressions/AsmExpressions.kt       | 123 ------------------
 .../kmath/expressions/Optimization.kt         |   6 -
 .../expressions/asm/AsmExpressionSpaces.kt    |  74 +++++++++++
 .../kmath/expressions/asm/AsmExpressions.kt   | 106 +++++++++++++++
 .../{ => asm}/AsmGenerationContext.kt         |  24 ++--
 .../kmath/expressions/{ => asm}/Builders.kt   |  14 +-
 .../expressions/{ => asm}/MethodVisitors.kt   |   2 +-
 .../kmath/expressions/asm/Optimization.kt     |   9 ++
 .../scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmTest.kt   |  97 +++-----------
 .../expressions/FunctionalExpressions.kt      | 114 +++++++++-------
 11 files changed, 301 insertions(+), 306 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmExpressionSpaces.kt
 delete mode 100644 kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmExpressions.kt
 delete mode 100644 kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/Optimization.kt
 create mode 100644 kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/AsmExpressionSpaces.kt
 create mode 100644 kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/AsmExpressions.kt
 rename kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/{ => asm}/AsmGenerationContext.kt (92%)
 rename kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/{ => asm}/Builders.kt (69%)
 rename kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/{ => asm}/MethodVisitors.kt (94%)
 create mode 100644 kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/Optimization.kt

diff --git a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmExpressionSpaces.kt b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmExpressionSpaces.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index 38ed00605..000000000
--- a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmExpressionSpaces.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-package scientifik.kmath.expressions
-
-import scientifik.kmath.operations.Field
-import scientifik.kmath.operations.Space
-import scientifik.kmath.operations.invoke
-
-open class AsmExpressionSpace<T>(private val space: Space<T>) :
-    Space<AsmExpression<T>>,
-    ExpressionContext<T, AsmExpression<T>> {
-    override val zero: AsmExpression<T> = AsmConstantExpression(space.zero)
-    override fun const(value: T): AsmExpression<T> = AsmConstantExpression(value)
-    override fun variable(name: String, default: T?): AsmExpression<T> = AsmVariableExpression(name, default)
-    override fun add(a: AsmExpression<T>, b: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> = AsmSumExpression(space, a, b)
-    override fun multiply(a: AsmExpression<T>, k: Number): AsmExpression<T> = AsmConstProductExpression(space, a, k)
-    operator fun AsmExpression<T>.plus(arg: T): AsmExpression<T> = this + const(arg)
-    operator fun AsmExpression<T>.minus(arg: T): AsmExpression<T> = this - const(arg)
-    operator fun T.plus(arg: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> = arg + this
-    operator fun T.minus(arg: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> = arg - this
-}
-
-class AsmExpressionField<T>(private val field: Field<T>) :
-    ExpressionContext<T, AsmExpression<T>>,
-    Field<AsmExpression<T>>,
-    AsmExpressionSpace<T>(field) {
-    override val one: AsmExpression<T>
-        get() = const(this.field.one)
-
-    fun number(value: Number): AsmExpression<T> = const(field { one * value })
-
-    override fun multiply(a: AsmExpression<T>, b: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> =
-        AsmProductExpression(field, a, b)
-
-    override fun divide(a: AsmExpression<T>, b: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> = AsmDivExpression(field, a, b)
-    operator fun AsmExpression<T>.times(arg: T): AsmExpression<T> = this * const(arg)
-    operator fun AsmExpression<T>.div(arg: T): AsmExpression<T> = this / const(arg)
-    operator fun T.times(arg: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> = arg * this
-    operator fun T.div(arg: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> = arg / this
-}
diff --git a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmExpressions.kt b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmExpressions.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index fc7788589..000000000
--- a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmExpressions.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-package scientifik.kmath.expressions
-
-import scientifik.kmath.operations.*
-
-abstract class AsmCompiledExpression<T> internal constructor(
-    @JvmField protected val algebra: Algebra<T>,
-    @JvmField protected val constants: MutableList<out Any>
-) : Expression<T> {
-    abstract override fun invoke(arguments: Map<String, T>): T
-}
-
-interface AsmExpression<T> {
-    fun tryEvaluate(): T? = null
-    fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>)
-}
-
-internal class AsmVariableExpression<T>(val name: String, val default: T? = null) :
-    AsmExpression<T> {
-    override fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>): Unit = gen.visitLoadFromVariables(name, default)
-}
-
-internal class AsmConstantExpression<T>(val value: T) :
-    AsmExpression<T> {
-    override fun tryEvaluate(): T = value
-    override fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>): Unit = gen.visitLoadFromConstants(value)
-}
-
-internal class AsmSumExpression<T>(
-    private val algebra: SpaceOperations<T>,
-    first: AsmExpression<T>,
-    second: AsmExpression<T>
-) : AsmExpression<T> {
-    private val first: AsmExpression<T> = first.optimize()
-    private val second: AsmExpression<T> = second.optimize()
-
-    override fun tryEvaluate(): T? = algebra {
-        (first.tryEvaluate() ?: return@algebra null) + (second.tryEvaluate() ?: return@algebra null)
-    }
-
-    override fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>) {
-        gen.visitLoadAlgebra()
-        first.invoke(gen)
-        second.invoke(gen)
-
-        gen.visitAlgebraOperation(
-            owner = AsmGenerationContext.SPACE_OPERATIONS_CLASS,
-            method = "add",
-            descriptor = "(L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};)L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};"
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-internal class AsmProductExpression<T>(
-    private val algebra: RingOperations<T>,
-    first: AsmExpression<T>,
-    second: AsmExpression<T>
-) : AsmExpression<T> {
-    private val first: AsmExpression<T> = first.optimize()
-    private val second: AsmExpression<T> = second.optimize()
-
-    override fun tryEvaluate(): T? = algebra {
-        (first.tryEvaluate() ?: return@algebra null) * (second.tryEvaluate() ?: return@algebra null)
-    }
-
-    override fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>) {
-        gen.visitLoadAlgebra()
-        first.invoke(gen)
-        second.invoke(gen)
-
-        gen.visitAlgebraOperation(
-            owner = AsmGenerationContext.RING_OPERATIONS_CLASS,
-            method = "multiply",
-            descriptor = "(L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};)L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};"
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-internal class AsmConstProductExpression<T>(
-    private val algebra: SpaceOperations<T>,
-    expr: AsmExpression<T>,
-    private val const: Number
-) : AsmExpression<T> {
-    private val expr: AsmExpression<T> = expr.optimize()
-
-    override fun tryEvaluate(): T? = algebra { (expr.tryEvaluate() ?: return@algebra null) * const }
-
-    override fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>) {
-        gen.visitLoadAlgebra()
-        gen.visitNumberConstant(const)
-        expr.invoke(gen)
-
-        gen.visitAlgebraOperation(
-            owner = AsmGenerationContext.SPACE_OPERATIONS_CLASS,
-            method = "multiply",
-            descriptor = "(L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};L${AsmGenerationContext.NUMBER_CLASS};)L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};"
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-internal class AsmDivExpression<T>(
-    private val algebra: FieldOperations<T>,
-    expr: AsmExpression<T>,
-    second: AsmExpression<T>
-) : AsmExpression<T> {
-    private val expr: AsmExpression<T> = expr.optimize()
-    private val second: AsmExpression<T> = second.optimize()
-
-    override fun tryEvaluate(): T? = algebra {
-        (expr.tryEvaluate() ?: return@algebra null) / (second.tryEvaluate() ?: return@algebra null)
-    }
-
-    override fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>) {
-        gen.visitLoadAlgebra()
-        expr.invoke(gen)
-        second.invoke(gen)
-
-        gen.visitAlgebraOperation(
-            owner = AsmGenerationContext.FIELD_OPERATIONS_CLASS,
-            method = "divide",
-            descriptor = "(L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};)L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};"
-        )
-    }
-}
diff --git a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/Optimization.kt b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/Optimization.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index bb7d0476d..000000000
--- a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/Optimization.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-package scientifik.kmath.expressions
-
-fun <T> AsmExpression<T>.optimize(): AsmExpression<T> {
-    val a = tryEvaluate()
-    return if (a == null) this else AsmConstantExpression(a)
-}
diff --git a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/AsmExpressionSpaces.kt b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/AsmExpressionSpaces.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17b6dc023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/AsmExpressionSpaces.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package scientifik.kmath.expressions.asm
+
+import scientifik.kmath.expressions.ExpressionContext
+import scientifik.kmath.operations.*
+
+open class AsmExpressionAlgebra<T>(val algebra: Algebra<T>) :
+    Algebra<AsmExpression<T>>,
+    ExpressionContext<T, AsmExpression<T>> {
+    override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> =
+        AsmUnaryOperation(algebra, operation, arg)
+
+    override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: AsmExpression<T>, right: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> =
+        AsmBinaryOperation(algebra, operation, left, right)
+
+    override fun const(value: T): AsmExpression<T> = AsmConstantExpression(value)
+    override fun variable(name: String, default: T?): AsmExpression<T> = AsmVariableExpression(name, default)
+}
+
+open class AsmExpressionSpace<T>(
+    val space: Space<T>
+) : AsmExpressionAlgebra<T>(space), Space<AsmExpression<T>> {
+    override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> =
+        AsmUnaryOperation(algebra, operation, arg)
+
+    override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: AsmExpression<T>, right: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> =
+        AsmBinaryOperation(algebra, operation, left, right)
+
+    override val zero: AsmExpression<T> = AsmConstantExpression(space.zero)
+
+    override fun add(a: AsmExpression<T>, b: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> =
+        AsmBinaryOperation(space, SpaceOperations.PLUS_OPERATION, a, b)
+
+    override fun multiply(a: AsmExpression<T>, k: Number): AsmExpression<T> = AsmConstProductExpression(space, a, k)
+    operator fun AsmExpression<T>.plus(arg: T) = this + const(arg)
+    operator fun AsmExpression<T>.minus(arg: T) = this - const(arg)
+    operator fun T.plus(arg: AsmExpression<T>) = arg + this
+    operator fun T.minus(arg: AsmExpression<T>) = arg - this
+}
+
+open class AsmExpressionRing<T>(private val ring: Ring<T>) : AsmExpressionSpace<T>(ring), Ring<AsmExpression<T>> {
+    override val one: AsmExpression<T>
+        get() = const(this.ring.one)
+
+    override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> =
+        AsmUnaryOperation(algebra, operation, arg)
+
+    override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: AsmExpression<T>, right: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> =
+        AsmBinaryOperation(algebra, operation, left, right)
+
+    fun number(value: Number): AsmExpression<T> = const(ring { one * value })
+
+    override fun multiply(a: AsmExpression<T>, b: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> =
+        AsmBinaryOperation(space, RingOperations.TIMES_OPERATION, a, b)
+
+    operator fun AsmExpression<T>.times(arg: T) = this * const(arg)
+    operator fun T.times(arg: AsmExpression<T>) = arg * this
+}
+
+open class AsmExpressionField<T>(private val field: Field<T>) :
+    AsmExpressionRing<T>(field),
+    Field<AsmExpression<T>> {
+
+    override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> =
+        AsmUnaryOperation(algebra, operation, arg)
+
+    override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: AsmExpression<T>, right: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> =
+        AsmBinaryOperation(algebra, operation, left, right)
+
+    override fun divide(a: AsmExpression<T>, b: AsmExpression<T>): AsmExpression<T> =
+        AsmBinaryOperation(space, FieldOperations.DIV_OPERATION, a, b)
+
+    operator fun AsmExpression<T>.div(arg: T) = this / const(arg)
+    operator fun T.div(arg: AsmExpression<T>) = arg / this
+}
diff --git a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/AsmExpressions.kt b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/AsmExpressions.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7d655d6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/AsmExpressions.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package scientifik.kmath.expressions.asm
+
+import scientifik.kmath.expressions.Expression
+import scientifik.kmath.operations.Algebra
+import scientifik.kmath.operations.Space
+import scientifik.kmath.operations.invoke
+
+interface AsmExpression<T> {
+    fun tryEvaluate(): T? = null
+    fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>)
+}
+
+internal class AsmUnaryOperation<T>(private val context: Algebra<T>, private val name: String, expr: AsmExpression<T>) :
+    AsmExpression<T> {
+    private val expr: AsmExpression<T> = expr.optimize()
+
+    override fun tryEvaluate(): T? = context {
+        unaryOperation(
+            name,
+            expr.tryEvaluate() ?: return@context null
+        )
+    }
+
+    override fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>) {
+        gen.visitLoadAlgebra()
+        gen.visitStringConstant(name)
+        expr.invoke(gen)
+
+        gen.visitAlgebraOperation(
+            owner = AsmGenerationContext.ALGEBRA_CLASS,
+            method = "unaryOperation",
+            descriptor = "(L${AsmGenerationContext.STRING_CLASS};" +
+                    "L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};)" +
+                    "L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};"
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+internal class AsmBinaryOperation<T>(
+    private val context: Algebra<T>,
+    private val name: String,
+    first: AsmExpression<T>,
+    second: AsmExpression<T>
+) : AsmExpression<T> {
+    private val first: AsmExpression<T> = first.optimize()
+    private val second: AsmExpression<T> = second.optimize()
+
+    override fun tryEvaluate(): T? = context {
+        binaryOperation(
+            name,
+            first.tryEvaluate() ?: return@context null,
+            second.tryEvaluate() ?: return@context null
+        )
+    }
+
+    override fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>) {
+        gen.visitLoadAlgebra()
+        gen.visitStringConstant(name)
+        first.invoke(gen)
+        second.invoke(gen)
+
+        gen.visitAlgebraOperation(
+            owner = AsmGenerationContext.ALGEBRA_CLASS,
+            method = "binaryOperation",
+            descriptor = "(L${AsmGenerationContext.STRING_CLASS};" +
+                    "L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};" +
+                    "L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};)" +
+                    "L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};"
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+internal class AsmVariableExpression<T>(private val name: String, private val default: T? = null) : AsmExpression<T> {
+    override fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>): Unit = gen.visitLoadFromVariables(name, default)
+}
+
+internal class AsmConstantExpression<T>(private val value: T) : AsmExpression<T> {
+    override fun tryEvaluate(): T = value
+    override fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>): Unit = gen.visitLoadFromConstants(value)
+}
+
+internal class AsmConstProductExpression<T>(private val context: Space<T>, expr: AsmExpression<T>, private val const: Number) :
+    AsmExpression<T> {
+    private val expr: AsmExpression<T> = expr.optimize()
+
+    override fun tryEvaluate(): T? = context { (expr.tryEvaluate() ?: return@context null) * const }
+
+    override fun invoke(gen: AsmGenerationContext<T>) {
+        gen.visitLoadAlgebra()
+        gen.visitNumberConstant(const)
+        expr.invoke(gen)
+
+        gen.visitAlgebraOperation(
+            owner = AsmGenerationContext.SPACE_OPERATIONS_CLASS,
+            method = "multiply",
+            descriptor = "(L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};L${AsmGenerationContext.NUMBER_CLASS};)L${AsmGenerationContext.OBJECT_CLASS};"
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+internal abstract class FunctionalCompiledExpression<T> internal constructor(
+    @JvmField protected val algebra: Algebra<T>,
+    @JvmField protected val constants: MutableList<out Any>
+) : Expression<T> {
+    abstract override fun invoke(arguments: Map<String, T>): T
+}
diff --git a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmGenerationContext.kt b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/AsmGenerationContext.kt
similarity index 92%
rename from kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmGenerationContext.kt
rename to kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/AsmGenerationContext.kt
index cedd5c0fd..3e47da5e3 100644
--- a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmGenerationContext.kt
+++ b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/AsmGenerationContext.kt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package scientifik.kmath.expressions
+package scientifik.kmath.expressions.asm
 
 import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter
 import org.objectweb.asm.Label
@@ -33,15 +33,15 @@ class AsmGenerationContext<T>(
     private val invokeMethodVisitor: MethodVisitor
     private val invokeL0: Label
     private lateinit var invokeL1: Label
-    private var generatedInstance: AsmCompiledExpression<T>? = null
+    private var generatedInstance: FunctionalCompiledExpression<T>? = null
 
     init {
         asmCompiledClassWriter.visit(
             Opcodes.V1_8,
             Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC or Opcodes.ACC_FINAL or Opcodes.ACC_SUPER,
             slashesClassName,
-            "L$ASM_COMPILED_EXPRESSION_CLASS<L$T_CLASS;>;",
-            ASM_COMPILED_EXPRESSION_CLASS,
+            "L$FUNCTIONAL_COMPILED_EXPRESSION_CLASS<L$T_CLASS;>;",
+            FUNCTIONAL_COMPILED_EXPRESSION_CLASS,
             arrayOf()
         )
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class AsmGenerationContext<T>(
 
                 visitMethodInsn(
                     Opcodes.INVOKESPECIAL,
-                    ASM_COMPILED_EXPRESSION_CLASS,
+                    FUNCTIONAL_COMPILED_EXPRESSION_CLASS,
                     "<init>",
                     "(L$ALGEBRA_CLASS;L$LIST_CLASS;)V",
                     false
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class AsmGenerationContext<T>(
 
     @PublishedApi
     @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
-    internal fun generate(): AsmCompiledExpression<T> {
+    internal fun generate(): FunctionalCompiledExpression<T> {
         generatedInstance?.let { return it }
 
         invokeMethodVisitor.run {
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class AsmGenerationContext<T>(
             .defineClass(className, asmCompiledClassWriter.toByteArray())
             .constructors
             .first()
-            .newInstance(algebra, constants) as AsmCompiledExpression<T>
+            .newInstance(algebra, constants) as FunctionalCompiledExpression<T>
 
         generatedInstance = new
         return new
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ class AsmGenerationContext<T>(
 
         invokeMethodVisitor.visitFieldInsn(
             Opcodes.GETFIELD,
-            ASM_COMPILED_EXPRESSION_CLASS, "algebra", "L$ALGEBRA_CLASS;"
+            FUNCTIONAL_COMPILED_EXPRESSION_CLASS, "algebra", "L$ALGEBRA_CLASS;"
         )
 
         invokeMethodVisitor.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, T_ALGEBRA_CLASS)
@@ -259,6 +259,10 @@ class AsmGenerationContext<T>(
 
     private fun visitCastToT(): Unit = invokeMethodVisitor.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, T_CLASS)
 
+    internal fun visitStringConstant(string: String) {
+        invokeMethodVisitor.visitLdcInsn(string)
+    }
+
     internal companion object {
         private val SIGNATURE_LETTERS = mapOf(
             java.lang.Byte::class.java to "B",
@@ -269,15 +273,13 @@ class AsmGenerationContext<T>(
             java.lang.Double::class.java to "D"
         )
 
-        internal const val ASM_COMPILED_EXPRESSION_CLASS = "scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmCompiledExpression"
+        internal const val FUNCTIONAL_COMPILED_EXPRESSION_CLASS = "scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/FunctionalCompiledExpression"
         internal const val LIST_CLASS = "java/util/List"
         internal const val MAP_CLASS = "java/util/Map"
         internal const val OBJECT_CLASS = "java/lang/Object"
         internal const val ALGEBRA_CLASS = "scientifik/kmath/operations/Algebra"
         internal const val SPACE_OPERATIONS_CLASS = "scientifik/kmath/operations/SpaceOperations"
         internal const val STRING_CLASS = "java/lang/String"
-        internal const val FIELD_OPERATIONS_CLASS = "scientifik/kmath/operations/FieldOperations"
-        internal const val RING_OPERATIONS_CLASS = "scientifik/kmath/operations/RingOperations"
         internal const val NUMBER_CLASS = "java/lang/Number"
     }
 }
diff --git a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/Builders.kt b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/Builders.kt
similarity index 69%
rename from kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/Builders.kt
rename to kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/Builders.kt
index f8b4afd5b..d55555567 100644
--- a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/Builders.kt
+++ b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/Builders.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-package scientifik.kmath.expressions
+package scientifik.kmath.expressions.asm
 
+import scientifik.kmath.expressions.Expression
 import scientifik.kmath.operations.Algebra
 import scientifik.kmath.operations.Field
+import scientifik.kmath.operations.Ring
 import scientifik.kmath.operations.Space
 
 @PublishedApi
@@ -25,11 +27,21 @@ inline fun <reified T, I> asm(i: I, algebra: Algebra<T>, block: I.() -> AsmExpre
     return ctx.generate()
 }
 
+inline fun <reified T> asmAlgebra(
+    algebra: Algebra<T>,
+    block: AsmExpressionAlgebra<T>.() -> AsmExpression<T>
+): Expression<T> = asm(AsmExpressionAlgebra(algebra), algebra, block)
+
 inline fun <reified T> asmSpace(
     algebra: Space<T>,
     block: AsmExpressionSpace<T>.() -> AsmExpression<T>
 ): Expression<T> = asm(AsmExpressionSpace(algebra), algebra, block)
 
+inline fun <reified T> asmRing(
+    algebra: Ring<T>,
+    block: AsmExpressionRing<T>.() -> AsmExpression<T>
+): Expression<T> = asm(AsmExpressionRing(algebra), algebra, block)
+
 inline fun <reified T> asmField(
     algebra: Field<T>,
     block: AsmExpressionField<T>.() -> AsmExpression<T>
diff --git a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/MethodVisitors.kt b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/MethodVisitors.kt
similarity index 94%
rename from kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/MethodVisitors.kt
rename to kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/MethodVisitors.kt
index 9cdb0672f..9f697ab6d 100644
--- a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/MethodVisitors.kt
+++ b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/MethodVisitors.kt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package scientifik.kmath.expressions
+package scientifik.kmath.expressions.asm
 
 import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor
 import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.*
diff --git a/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/Optimization.kt b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/Optimization.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db57a690c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kmath-asm/src/main/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/asm/Optimization.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package scientifik.kmath.expressions.asm
+
+import scientifik.kmath.expressions.asm.AsmConstantExpression
+import scientifik.kmath.expressions.asm.AsmExpression
+
+fun <T> AsmExpression<T>.optimize(): AsmExpression<T> {
+    val a = tryEvaluate()
+    return if (a == null) this else AsmConstantExpression(a)
+}
diff --git a/kmath-asm/src/test/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmTest.kt b/kmath-asm/src/test/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmTest.kt
index 437fd158f..55c240cef 100644
--- a/kmath-asm/src/test/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmTest.kt
+++ b/kmath-asm/src/test/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/AsmTest.kt
@@ -1,103 +1,40 @@
 package scientifik.kmath.expressions
 
-import scientifik.kmath.operations.Algebra
+import scientifik.kmath.expressions.asm.AsmExpression
+import scientifik.kmath.expressions.asm.AsmExpressionField
+import scientifik.kmath.expressions.asm.asmField
 import scientifik.kmath.operations.RealField
 import kotlin.test.Test
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 
 class AsmTest {
-    private fun <T> testExpressionValue(
-        expectedValue: T,
-        expr: AsmExpression<T>,
-        arguments: Map<String, T>,
-        algebra: Algebra<T>,
-        clazz: Class<*>
-    ): Unit = assertEquals(
-        expectedValue, AsmGenerationContext(clazz, algebra, "TestAsmCompiled")
-            .also(expr::invoke)
-            .generate()
-            .invoke(arguments)
-    )
-
-    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
-    private fun testDoubleExpressionValue(
-        expectedValue: Double,
-        expr: AsmExpression<Double>,
-        arguments: Map<String, Double>,
-        algebra: Algebra<Double> = RealField,
-        clazz: Class<Double> = java.lang.Double::class.java as Class<Double>
-    ): Unit = testExpressionValue(expectedValue, expr, arguments, algebra, clazz)
+    private fun testDoubleExpression(
+        expected: Double?,
+        arguments: Map<String, Double> = emptyMap(),
+        block: AsmExpressionField<Double>.() -> AsmExpression<Double>
+    ): Unit = assertEquals(expected = expected, actual = asmField(RealField, block)(arguments))
 
     @Test
-    fun testSum() = testDoubleExpressionValue(
-        25.0,
-        AsmSumExpression(RealField, AsmConstantExpression(1.0), AsmVariableExpression("x")),
-        mapOf("x" to 24.0)
-    )
+    fun testConstantsSum() = testDoubleExpression(16.0) { const(8.0) + 8.0 }
 
     @Test
-    fun testConst(): Unit = testDoubleExpressionValue(
-        123.0,
-        AsmConstantExpression(123.0),
-        mapOf()
-    )
+    fun testVarsSum() = testDoubleExpression(1000.0, mapOf("x" to 500.0)) { variable("x") + 500.0 }
 
     @Test
-    fun testDiv(): Unit = testDoubleExpressionValue(
-        0.5,
-        AsmDivExpression(RealField, AsmConstantExpression(1.0), AsmConstantExpression(2.0)),
-        mapOf()
-    )
+    fun testProduct() = testDoubleExpression(24.0) { const(4.0) * const(6.0) }
 
     @Test
-    fun testProduct(): Unit = testDoubleExpressionValue(
-        25.0,
-        AsmProductExpression(RealField,AsmVariableExpression("x"), AsmVariableExpression("x")),
-        mapOf("x" to 5.0)
-    )
+    fun testConstantProduct() = testDoubleExpression(984.0) { const(8.0) * 123 }
 
     @Test
-    fun testCProduct(): Unit = testDoubleExpressionValue(
-        25.0,
-        AsmConstProductExpression(RealField,AsmVariableExpression("x"), 5.0),
-        mapOf("x" to 5.0)
-    )
+    fun testSubtraction() = testDoubleExpression(2.0) { const(4.0) - 2.0 }
 
     @Test
-    fun testCProductWithOtherTypeNumber(): Unit = testDoubleExpressionValue(
-        25.0,
-        AsmConstProductExpression(RealField,AsmVariableExpression("x"), 5f),
-        mapOf("x" to 5.0)
-    )
-
-    object CustomZero : Number() {
-        override fun toByte(): Byte = 0
-        override fun toChar(): Char = 0.toChar()
-        override fun toDouble(): Double = 0.0
-        override fun toFloat(): Float = 0f
-        override fun toInt(): Int = 0
-        override fun toLong(): Long = 0L
-        override fun toShort(): Short = 0
-    }
+    fun testDivision() = testDoubleExpression(64.0) { const(128.0) / 2 }
 
     @Test
-    fun testCProductWithCustomTypeNumber(): Unit = testDoubleExpressionValue(
-        0.0,
-        AsmConstProductExpression(RealField,AsmVariableExpression("x"), CustomZero),
-        mapOf("x" to 5.0)
-    )
+    fun testDirectCall() = testDoubleExpression(4096.0) { binaryOperation("*", const(64.0), const(64.0)) }
 
-    @Test
-    fun testVar(): Unit = testDoubleExpressionValue(
-        10000.0,
-        AsmVariableExpression("x"),
-        mapOf("x" to 10000.0)
-    )
-
-    @Test
-    fun testVarWithDefault(): Unit = testDoubleExpressionValue(
-        10000.0,
-        AsmVariableExpression("x", 10000.0),
-        mapOf()
-    )
+//    @Test
+//    fun testSine() = testDoubleExpression(0.0) { unaryOperation("sin", const(PI)) }
 }
diff --git a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/FunctionalExpressions.kt b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/FunctionalExpressions.kt
index 97002f664..b36ea8b52 100644
--- a/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/FunctionalExpressions.kt
+++ b/kmath-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/scientifik/kmath/expressions/FunctionalExpressions.kt
@@ -1,80 +1,102 @@
 package scientifik.kmath.expressions
 
-import scientifik.kmath.operations.Field
-import scientifik.kmath.operations.Ring
-import scientifik.kmath.operations.Space
+import scientifik.kmath.operations.*
 
-internal class VariableExpression<T>(val name: String, val default: T? = null) : Expression<T> {
+internal class FunctionalUnaryOperation<T>(val context: Algebra<T>, val name: String, val expr: Expression<T>) :
+    Expression<T> {
+    override fun invoke(arguments: Map<String, T>): T = context.unaryOperation(name, expr.invoke(arguments))
+}
+
+internal class FunctionalBinaryOperation<T>(
+    val context: Algebra<T>,
+    val name: String,
+    val first: Expression<T>,
+    val second: Expression<T>
+) : Expression<T> {
+    override fun invoke(arguments: Map<String, T>): T =
+        context.binaryOperation(name, first.invoke(arguments), second.invoke(arguments))
+}
+
+internal class FunctionalVariableExpression<T>(val name: String, val default: T? = null) : Expression<T> {
     override fun invoke(arguments: Map<String, T>): T =
         arguments[name] ?: default ?: error("Parameter not found: $name")
 }
 
-internal class ConstantExpression<T>(val value: T) : Expression<T> {
+internal class FunctionalConstantExpression<T>(val value: T) : Expression<T> {
     override fun invoke(arguments: Map<String, T>): T = value
 }
 
-internal class SumExpression<T>(
-    val context: Space<T>,
-    val first: Expression<T>,
-    val second: Expression<T>
-) : Expression<T> {
-    override fun invoke(arguments: Map<String, T>): T = context.add(first.invoke(arguments), second.invoke(arguments))
-}
-
-internal class ProductExpression<T>(val context: Ring<T>, val first: Expression<T>, val second: Expression<T>) :
-    Expression<T> {
-    override fun invoke(arguments: Map<String, T>): T =
-        context.multiply(first.invoke(arguments), second.invoke(arguments))
-}
-
-internal class ConstProductExpession<T>(val context: Space<T>, val expr: Expression<T>, val const: Number) :
+internal class FunctionalConstProductExpression<T>(val context: Space<T>, val expr: Expression<T>, val const: Number) :
     Expression<T> {
     override fun invoke(arguments: Map<String, T>): T = context.multiply(expr.invoke(arguments), const)
 }
 
-internal class DivExpession<T>(val context: Field<T>, val expr: Expression<T>, val second: Expression<T>) :
-    Expression<T> {
-    override fun invoke(arguments: Map<String, T>): T = context.divide(expr.invoke(arguments), second.invoke(arguments))
+open class FunctionalExpressionAlgebra<T>(val algebra: Algebra<T>) :
+    Algebra<Expression<T>>,
+    ExpressionContext<T, Expression<T>> {
+    override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
+        FunctionalUnaryOperation(algebra, operation, arg)
+
+    override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
+        FunctionalBinaryOperation(algebra, operation, left, right)
+
+    override fun const(value: T): Expression<T> = FunctionalConstantExpression(value)
+    override fun variable(name: String, default: T?): Expression<T> = FunctionalVariableExpression(name, default)
 }
 
-open class FunctionalExpressionSpace<T>(
-    val space: Space<T>
-) : Space<Expression<T>>, ExpressionContext<T, Expression<T>> {
+open class FunctionalExpressionSpace<T>(val space: Space<T>) :
+    FunctionalExpressionAlgebra<T>(space),
+    Space<Expression<T>> {
+    override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
+        FunctionalUnaryOperation(algebra, operation, arg)
 
-    override val zero: Expression<T> = ConstantExpression(space.zero)
+    override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
+        FunctionalBinaryOperation(algebra, operation, left, right)
 
-    override fun const(value: T): Expression<T> = ConstantExpression(value)
-
-    override fun variable(name: String, default: T?): Expression<T> = VariableExpression(name, default)
-
-    override fun add(a: Expression<T>, b: Expression<T>): Expression<T> = SumExpression(space, a, b)
-
-    override fun multiply(a: Expression<T>, k: Number): Expression<T> = ConstProductExpession(space, a, k)
+    override val zero: Expression<T> = FunctionalConstantExpression(space.zero)
 
+    override fun add(a: Expression<T>, b: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
+        FunctionalBinaryOperation(space, SpaceOperations.PLUS_OPERATION, a, b)
 
+    override fun multiply(a: Expression<T>, k: Number): Expression<T> = FunctionalConstProductExpression(space, a, k)
     operator fun Expression<T>.plus(arg: T) = this + const(arg)
     operator fun Expression<T>.minus(arg: T) = this - const(arg)
-
     operator fun T.plus(arg: Expression<T>) = arg + this
     operator fun T.minus(arg: Expression<T>) = arg - this
 }
 
-open class FunctionalExpressionField<T>(
-    val field: Field<T>
-) : Field<Expression<T>>, ExpressionContext<T, Expression<T>>, FunctionalExpressionSpace<T>(field) {
-
+open class FunctionalExpressionRing<T>(val ring: Ring<T>) : FunctionalExpressionSpace<T>(ring), Ring<Expression<T>> {
     override val one: Expression<T>
-        get() = const(this.field.one)
+        get() = const(this.ring.one)
 
-    fun number(value: Number): Expression<T> = const(field.run { one * value })
+    override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
+        FunctionalUnaryOperation(algebra, operation, arg)
 
-    override fun multiply(a: Expression<T>, b: Expression<T>): Expression<T> = ProductExpression(field, a, b)
+    override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
+        FunctionalBinaryOperation(algebra, operation, left, right)
 
-    override fun divide(a: Expression<T>, b: Expression<T>): Expression<T> = DivExpession(field, a, b)
+    fun number(value: Number): Expression<T> = const(ring { one * value })
+
+    override fun multiply(a: Expression<T>, b: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
+        FunctionalBinaryOperation(space, RingOperations.TIMES_OPERATION, a, b)
 
     operator fun Expression<T>.times(arg: T) = this * const(arg)
-    operator fun Expression<T>.div(arg: T) = this / const(arg)
-
     operator fun T.times(arg: Expression<T>) = arg * this
+}
+
+open class FunctionalExpressionField<T>(val field: Field<T>) :
+    FunctionalExpressionRing<T>(field),
+    Field<Expression<T>> {
+
+    override fun unaryOperation(operation: String, arg: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
+        FunctionalUnaryOperation(algebra, operation, arg)
+
+    override fun binaryOperation(operation: String, left: Expression<T>, right: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
+        FunctionalBinaryOperation(algebra, operation, left, right)
+
+    override fun divide(a: Expression<T>, b: Expression<T>): Expression<T> =
+        FunctionalBinaryOperation(space, FieldOperations.DIV_OPERATION, a, b)
+
+    operator fun Expression<T>.div(arg: T) = this / const(arg)
     operator fun T.div(arg: Expression<T>) = arg / this
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}